A bio‐inspired OSPF path selection scheme based on an adaptive attractor selection model

Abstract

Current Internet Protocol routers only support equal cost multi-path routing, which performs the random path selection or the traffic uniform distribution among equal-cost paths. In biology, an adaptive attractor selection model is presented to simulate the concentration changes of two kinds of Escherichia coli's mRNA in changing nutrition environments with bistability equations. Inspired by the metabolism behaviors of E. coli, we propose an adaptive path selection scheme Open Shortest Path First-path selection by attractor selection to dynamically select the transmission path by the real-time path quality. Here, the mRNA concentration is analogous to the path quality. Then, to reflect the multipath quality, multi-stability equations are adopted and redesigned. Our scheme consists of two main features. The first one is a redefined path-activity to indicate multipath transmission goodness, which is inversely proportional to the offset between current path quality and best path quality. And the second one is a new attractor expression of the multi-stability equations to concretely specify the effect of a stochastic item noise in the equations on the path selection. Compared with the greedy selection and the uniform random selection in file transfer protocol (FTP) service, our scheme gains better performance on reducing file transmission time, traffic throughput, and traffic dropped.the adaptive attractor selection model [8] is introduced into the field of the computer networks to optimize the multipath traffic transmission.Originally, the attractor selection model [9] is proposed to simulate the metabolism behaviors of the Escherichia coli in the dynamic nutrition environments with the revised bistability equations. In nature, each individual E. coli always regulates adaptively its own state in the different nutrition environments. When nutrition is adequate, the metabolism of the E. coli becomes vigorous generally. Then, the mRNA concentrations in the E. coli greatly increase to produce enough nutrition materials for growth and reproduction. Furthermore, the vigorous state will be kept if nutrition is adequate. Subsequently, when nutrition is inadequate, the metabolism of the E. coli is weak. Then, the mRNA concentrations inevitably decrease. Moreover, the concentrations are able to change stochastically to make the E. coli shift to a suitable metabolism state in the current nutrition environment [9]. Mathematically, this adaptation process of the E. coli to the changing nutrition environments can be modeled by the bistability equations, in which each attractor formulates a stable adaptation state of the mRNA concentrations.There are two key parameters in the bistability equations. One is called activity, which indicates the adaptation goodness of the E. coli to the nutrition environment. And the other one is noise, which takes the stochastic effect on the mRNA concentrations. The two parameters have a relation of ebb and flow. When the activity increases, the stochastic effect of the noise on the mRNA concentrati...

A Bio-Inspired Gateway Selection Scheme for Hybrid Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…As detailed in the previous section, the calculation of κ requires only basic arithmetic operations. The evolution of the attractor selection model can also be simplified by the basic arithmetic operations [24], [34]. Overall, there is no heavy computing load added to mobile nodes.…”