A bio-based ionic complex with different oxidation states of phosphorus for reducing flammability and smoke release of epoxy resins

Fang, Fang; Huo, Siqi; Shen, Haifeng; Ran, Shiya; Wang, Hao; Song, Pingan; Fang, Zhengping

doi:10.1016/j.coco.2019.11.011

Cited by 163 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Non-thermal hazards, namely toxic smoke, cause the predominant cause of death for fire victims [ 59 ]. Fang et al [ 60 ] reported that victims would suffocate when the concentration of CO and CO 2 reaches 1% and 5%, respectively. As can be seen in Table 7 the addition of keratin affects slightly on the growth of peak of CO emission (pCO) and CO 2 emission (pCO 2 ), while, Fyrol doubles the pCO value and reduces pCO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

et al. 2020

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Semi-rigid composites of polyurethane foams (SRPUF) modified with the addition of keratin flour from poultry feathers and flame retardant additives were manufactured. Ten percent by mass of keratin fibers was added to the foams as well as halogen-free flame retardant additives such as Fyrol PNX, expandable graphite, metal oxides, in amounts such that their total mass did not exceed 15%. Thermal and mechanical properties were tested. Water absorption, dimensional stability, apparent density and flammability of produced foams were determined. It was found that the use of keratin fibers and flame retardant additives changes the foam synthesis process, changes their structure and properties as well as their combustion process. The addition of the filler made of keratin fibers significantly limits the amount of smoke generated during foam burning. The most favorable reduction of heat and smoke release rate was observed for foams with the addition of 10% keratin fibers and 10% expandable graphite. Systems of reducing combustibility of polyurethane foams using keratin fillers are a new solution on a global scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

et al. 2020

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“…Here the mechanism of synergistic flame‐retardancy of DOPO and CK is discussed. After absorb heat, DOPO releases PO· free radicals, which combine with H· and OH· to cause a quenching effect in the gas phase 34,35 . Moreover, the phosphate derived from the decomposition of DOPO catalyzes the EP matrix, resulting in the formation of a dense char layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Chicken feather keratin (CK), a biomaterial that contains a large amount of nitrogen is extracted from chicken feathers and has significant potential for use as a flame retardant. In this study, CK and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added in different amounts to an epoxy resin (EP), and their flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects were studied. The results showed that CK

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“…Radicals of phosphorus oxides may act as the halogen radicals to quench the high-energy radicals of H and OH in the gas of combustion zone. Moreover, phosphorus oxides may form polyphosphate at high temperature, which is a nonflammable shell segregating the substrate and fire (23)(24)(25)(26)(27). However, according to LCA requirements, FRs with a high level of protection for health and safety should be highly efficient, ecofriendly, show no migration and certainly be nontoxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Xia

et al. 2020

E-Polymers

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AbstractAccording to the concept of fire life cycle assessment (LCA), a new type of intumescent flame retardant was designed and synthesized by chemically bonding chitosan, phosphorus pentoxide and melamine. The resultant compound, chitosan ethoxyl melamine phosphate (CEMP), was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, XRD and SEM. The performance of CEMP and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was evaluated in the substrate of epoxy resin (EP) with limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetric test (CCT), TGA and TG-IR. As a result, intumescent flame retardant EP (EP3) containing 30.6% LOI and V-0 rating was prepared by adding 3 wt% OMMT and 15 wt% CEMP. The CCT results indicated that CEMP and OMMT reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) to about one fourth that of pure EP and total heat release (THR), 1/2. Decomposition of EP and EP3 was traced from 100 to 600°C by TG-IR.

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A bio-based ionic complex with different oxidation states of phosphorus for reducing flammability and smoke release of epoxy resins

Cited by 163 publications

References 28 publications

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

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