A Bibliography of Diethyl Toluamide

Rutledge, L. C.; Sofield, Roy K.; Moussa, M. A.

doi:10.1093/besa/24.4.431

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…No behavioural activity was demonstrated for DEET which is a repellent for many insect species (Rutledge et al, 1978), particularly mosquitoes (Davis & Bowen, 1994), or for naphthalene which has been used as a repellent against the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum Linnaeus (Diptera: Anthomyidae) (Den Ouden et al, 1984). Vale (1977b) was also unable to show a response of tsetse to DEET.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses ofGlossina pallidipes(Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field

Torr

Mangwiro

Hall

1996

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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In Zimbabwe, studies were made of the responses of Glossina pallidipes Austen to known and candidate repellents. Various chemicals, dispensed at c. 5-10 mg/h, were placed beside Epsilon traps already baited with a blend of acetone, octenol, 4-methylphenol and 3-n -propylphenol. Pentanoic or hexanoic acids or acetophenone halved the catch and 2-methoxyphenol reduced the catch by 90%. There were no consistent differences in the responses of males and females. Pentanoic acid or acetophenone or 2-methoxyphenol at an unbaited trap reduced the catch by 40%, 75% and 60%, respectively. Baiting traps with a combination of pentanoic acid, acetophenone and 2-methoxyphenol did not reduce the catch below that produced by 2-methoxyphenol alone. Pentanoic acid and 2-methoxyphenol reduced the efficiency of traps from c. 40% to 20% but acetophenone had no significant effect. Acetophenone and 2-methoxyphenol halved the numbers of tsetse attracted to a target baited with acetone, octenol and phenols but none had a significant effect on the proportion that landed. 2-Methoxyphenol significantly reduced the numbers of tsetse attracted to a source of natural ox odour but only pentanoic acid had a significant effect on feeding responses, reducing the proportion that fed on an ox from 59 to 45%. It is concluded that these repellents do not provide any useful degree of protection against trypanosomiasis. In areas where tsetse are abundant (500 bites/ox/day) and infection rates in tsetse are high (>5%) it is highly unlikely that any repellents would be useful. However, in areas where tsetse are less abundant (1 bite/ox/day) and/or infection rates are low (c. 0.5%) the potent, unidentified repellents present in human odour might effectively complement the control of disease using trypanocidal drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses ofGlossina pallidipes(Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field

Torr

Mangwiro

Hall

1996

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…For example, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), the "gold standard" of repellents, provides good protection against numerous biting insects and produces a chemical odor and skin sensation that is offensive to many users and has potentially toxic effects. 4,5 Thus, a search continues for safer, more effective compounds in the formulation of repellents. 6,7 A few other plant-based formulations (e.g., celery seed and American beautyberry) have tested well against some mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Community-Wide Study of Malaria Reduction: Evaluating Efficacy and User-Acceptance of a Low-Cost Repellent in Northern Ghana

Dadzie

Boakye²,

Asoala³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. NO MAS (NM) mosquito repellent was evaluated in two farming villages (4 km apart) in the Kassena Nankana district of northern Ghana. We determined its efficacy against local malaria vectors, degree of user acceptance, and its effect on malaria prevalence in households using insecticide-treated bed nets. The average protective efficacy of NM against Anopheles mosquitoes over 9 hours was 89.6%. Controls averaged 86 bites/person/night versus 9 bites/ person/night with the use of NM. Use of repellent was associated with a decrease of absolute malaria prevalence by 19.2% in the repellent village and by 6.5% in the control village (45.5 to 26.3, and 29.5 to 23.0, respectively). The useracceptance rate of NM repellent was 96.1%. Ten percent (10%) of repellent users reported irritation as the main adverse effect during the period. Eighty-five percent (85%) of the users found the odor of NM appealing and 87% reported no inconvenience in applying the repellent daily.

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“…There have been many studies of the use of repellents, such as di-ethyl toluamide (deet), against biting insects (Rutledge et al, 1978). However, only a few have considered repellents Correspondence: Dr C. F. Curtis,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Keppel Street,London.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative efficacy of repellents against mosquito vectors of disease

Curtis¹,

Lines²,

Ijumba³

et al. 1987

Medical Vet Entomology

135

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Laboratory tests of insect repellents by various different methods showed that An.stephensi Liston was consistently more susceptible than An.gambiae Giles, An.albimanus Wiedemann or An.pulcherrimus Theobald. The six repellents tested were di-ethyl toluamide (deet), di-methyl phthalate (DMP), ethyl-hexanediol, permethrin, citronella and cedarwood oil. Testing systems in which the mosquitoes were presented with a choice gave consistently lower ED50 values than when there was no choice, i.e. the standards of tolerance are not absolute but depend on the options available. In field tests in an experimental hut a curtain with a high dose of di-ethyl toluamide (deet) reduced biting in the hut but had to be re-impregnated frequently. Deet-impregnated anklets gave about 84% protection against Culex quinquefasciatus Say for 80 days after one impregnation, in a trial in which the anklets were brought out of sealed storage and tested for 2 h nightly. Similar protection was found against An.funestus Giles but the protection against An.gambiae s.l., An. coustani Laveran and Mansonia spp. was not as good. There were highly significant differences between the four collectors' mosquito attractiveness but this varied highly significantly between the mosquito species.

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A Bibliography of Diethyl Toluamide

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Responses ofGlossina pallidipes(Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field

Responses ofGlossina pallidipes(Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field

A Community-Wide Study of Malaria Reduction: Evaluating Efficacy and User-Acceptance of a Low-Cost Repellent in Northern Ghana

The relative efficacy of repellents against mosquito vectors of disease

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