“…Respiratory motion modeling techniques can be used to overcome some of the limitations of traditional 4DCT-based techniques, enabling improved 3D localization of target lesions and surrounding normal tissues [15,16,17,18,19,20]. Often, these patient-specific motion-models are created with information available prior to radiotherapy treatment, such as 4DCT [21,22,20,23], 4DCBCT [24,25], or an external surrogate signal [26].…”