A −76dBm 7.4nW wakeup radio with automatic offset compensation

Moody, Jesse; Bassirian, Pouyan; Roy, Abhishek; Liu, Ningxi; Pancrazio, Stephen; Barker, N. Scott; Calhoun, Benton H.; Bowers, Steven M.

doi:10.1109/isscc.2018.8310379

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…This paper presents a nanowatt power-level WuRX based upon the detector-first architecture demonstrated in [19]. Section II details the design of detector-first receivers with a focus on the critical detector architecture choice, as well as the detector modeling and passive detector optimization in the context of detector terminal impedances.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interference Robust Detector-First Near-Zero Power Wake-Up Receiver

Moody

Bassirian

Roy

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This paper presents the development of a wake-up receiver (WuRX) at nanowatt power levels for event-driven applications. This paper improves the state of the art, obtaining higher sensitivity than previous work in the 151.8-and 433-bands, low-power operation, and robustness to interference due to an integrated offset compensation algorithm operating without any external calibration. Simultaneous low-power operation and high sensitivity are achieved through a passive detector design based upon a terminal impedance boundary condition-based optimization of the detector dictated by the terminal impedances of the detector. This paper is implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process and obtains −76 dBm at the 151.8-MHz multi-use radio service (MURS) band and −71 dBm at the 433-MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band with a total dc power draw of just 7.6 nW from 1.0-and 0.6-V supplies. Index Terms-Envelope detector, near-zero-power, ultra-lowpower RF, wake-up receiver (WuRx). I. INTRODUCTION E VENT-DRIVEN smart sensor nodes are an emerging technology platform promising a wide application range ranging from agricultural [1], industrial, infrastructural [2], and perimeter monitoring applications. Event-driven sensor systems spend the majority of their life in an "asleep-yet-aware state" drawing a minimal amount of dc power yet remaining aware of the ambient environment through both ultra-lowpower sensors systems as well as sensing for wake-up events through their WuRx. One major limitation of large-scale smart sensor networks is the impracticability of battery replacement, which drives the need for extremely long sensor lifetimes [3]. Recent advances in near-zero power-level WuRxs [4] have allowed for an extreme reduction in WuRx's power consumption and a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the WuRx front end (see Fig. 1). Still, there is a need for both higher sensitivity and greater robustness to interference in these near-zero power-level receivers.

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Interference Robust Detector-First Near-Zero Power Wake-Up Receiver

Moody

Bassirian

Roy

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Improved ground-referenced clocked comparator with a lower minimum trip voltage and wider range of configurable comparator offsets[13] φ. The comparator threshold is controlled through six-bits of fine-grained binary-weighted control bits, which are set by the automatic offset control loop with minimum step size of ∼280 µV.…”

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“…Demonstration of receiver with automatic offset control in the presence of non-constant envelope interferers[13] …”

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Power Management in Ultra-Low Power Systems

Roy¹

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The evolving vision of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) will revolutionize various applications such as remote health monitoring, home automation and remote surveillance. It has been projected that by 2025, there will be 1 trillion IoT devices influencing our daily lives. This will result in the generation of an enormous amount of data, which will have to be stored, processed and transmitted efficiently and reliably. Although advancements in Integrated Circuit (IC) design and the availability of various Ultra-low Power (ULP) circuit components have helped us to visualize an ecosystem of numerous internet-connected devices, the overall system integration will become a major challenge. A System-on-Chip (SoC), catering to IoT applications is expected to contain many different circuit components such as sensors and Analog-Front-Ends (AFEs) for real-time signal acquisition, analog-to-digital converters, digital signal processors, memories, wireless transceivers etc. All these components have different supply voltage requirements and power profiles. Hence, power delivery to such components in an SoC will play an important role in the overall system architecture. Although, battery-powered systems have traditionally worked well in portable electronics but in an IoT ecosystem, the cost of battery replacement in a trillion-sensor node network will be enormous. In many applications, such as remote surveillance, systems require a long operational lifetime. Moreover, system deployment should be unobtrusive and hence such systems should have small form factors.The above requirements are hard to meet using conventional battery-powered systems. Hence, in most IoT SoCs, there is a strong motivation for an integrated Power Management Unit (PMU), with energy harvesting capability for near-perpetual battery-less operation, which i Abstract ii can provide a range of supply voltage rails to satisfy the electrical specifications of different functional units.This dissertation addresses the design challenges related to energy autonomy and powerdelivery in a wireless sensor node. This work presents an energy harvesting platform in context of a self-powered System-in-Package (SiP) with a capability to harvest from either photovoltaic or thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The SiP consists of an SoC for processing and storage, non-volatile memory, a wireless transceiver and various off-the-shelf sensors. To deliver power and to meet the electrical specifications of these different components of the sensor node, this work presents an efficient, low quiescent power, supply-voltage regulation scheme. In addition to power delivery, this dissertation also demonstrates several ULP digital and mixed-signal circuit components, commonly used in energy-autonomous and always-ON systems such as an event-driven wakeup receiver. This work describes circuit solutions and techniques related to power delivery that will enhance the operational lifetime, reduce the overall form-factor and contribute towards attaining energy-autonomy to facilitate a wide range of a...

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Zero and Near Zero Power Intelligent Microsystems

Olsson

Christal

Bogoslovov

2019

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations (N-ZERO) program from DARPA has created a new, nanowatt class of intelligent sensors and RF receivers enabling systems that are passive or nearly passive while operating in an intelligent standby mode. Such systems can be persistently powered by small batteries for many years or perpetually via miniature energy harvesters. The program sought wake-up receivers with a sensitivity of -100dBm and physical sensors that could classify vehicles at a range of 10 m, with power consumption on order of the self-discharge rate of a small battery. Furthermore, researchers with designs that fit other applications, such as chemical and IR sensors, were open to participate as well. From the program multiple approaches have emerged featuring passive and active MEMS devices and subthreshold CMOS circuits. The overall goals of the program have helped to redefine the state-of-the art in ultra-low power receivers, machine learning processors, and passive physical sensors.

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A −76dBm 7.4nW wakeup radio with automatic offset compensation

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

Interference Robust Detector-First Near-Zero Power Wake-Up Receiver

Interference Robust Detector-First Near-Zero Power Wake-Up Receiver

Power Management in Ultra-Low Power Systems

Zero and Near Zero Power Intelligent Microsystems

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