A 60GHz 144-element phased-array transceiver with 51dBm maximum EIRP and ±60° beam steering for backhaul application

Sowlati, T.; Sarkar, Sabyasachi; Perumana, Bevin; Chan, Wei Liat; Afshar, Bagher; Boers, Michael; Shin, Donghyup; Mercer, Timothy; Chen, Weihong; Toda, Anna Papió; Besoli, Alfred Grau; Yoon, Sung Wook; Kyriazidou, Sissy; Yang, Phil; Aggarwal, Vinod K.; Vakilian, Nooshin; Rozenblit, Dmitriy; Kahrizi, Masoud; Zhang, Joy; Wang, Alan; Sen, Padmanava; Murphy, David; Mikhemar, Mohyee; Sajjadi, Ali; Mehrabani, Alireza; Ibrahim, B.; Pan, Bo; Juan, K.; Xu, Shelley; Guan, Claire; Geshvindman, Guy; Low, Khim; Kocaman, Namik; Eberhart, Hans; Kimura, Koji; Elgorriaga, Igor; Roussel, Vincent; Xie, Huimin; Shi, Leo; Kodavati, Venkat

doi:10.1109/isscc.2018.8310186

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(ii) Limited field-of-view (FoV) coverage. A phased array has limited FoV (typically narrower than 120 • [21][22][23]), due to the intrinsic properties of its patch antenna elements. This problem remains largely underexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Array

Wang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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Millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks are conventionally considered to bear a fundamental coverage limitation, due to the directional beams and limited field-of-view (FoV) of the phased array antennas. In this paper, we explore an array of phased arrays (APA) architecture, which aggregates co-located phased arrays with complementary FoVs to approximate WiFi-like omni-directional coverage. We found that straightforwardly activating all the arrays may even hamper network performance. To fully exploit the APA's potential, we propose X-Array, which jointly selects the arrays and beams, and applies a dynamic co-phasing mechanism to ensure different arrays' signals enhance each other. X-Array also incorporates a link recovery mechanism to identify alternative arrays/beams that can efficiently recover the link from outage. We have implemented X-Array on a commodity 802.11ad APA radio. Our experiments demonstrate that X-Array can approach omni-directional coverage and maintain high performance in spite of link dynamics. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Wireless devices; Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems; • Networks → Network experimentation; Network mobility;

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Array

Wang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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“…Propagation loss at mmW frequencies is significantly higher compared to LTE frequencies, and antenna arrays will be used in 5G mmW mobile and base stations. Different number of antennas from 32 [3] to 144 [4] or even 384 elements [5] have This work has been financially supported in part by Academy of Finland 6Genesis Flagship (grant 318927) and in part Business Finland funded 5G Finnish Open Research Collaboration Ecosystem (5G-FORCE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System EVM Characterization and Coverage Area Estimation of 5G Directive mmW Links

Leinonen

Jokinen

Tervo

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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RF performance of 5G new radio (NR) millimeter wave (mmW) system will be characterized over-the-air (OTA) in 3GPP 5G NR performance and type approval testing. Total system Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) performance has not been standardized in 3GPP since mobile and base stations are certified separately. In this paper, we extend the OTA measured system EVM concept to cover EVM performance testing with beam steering for 5G mmW radio link. We show that the OTA measured system EVM inside of an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) chamber can be directly converted to an expected link range, and this has been verified with outdoor measurements. The EVM measurements are performed for a set of beamforming directions to form an expected coverage area. The OTA measured system EVM results confirm that the 5G mmW Proof-of-Concept radio supports 5G NR 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulations as well as 256-QAM modulation, which is currently specified for sub-6 GHz, only. The maximum estimated range of the 5G PoC mmW link is 840 m with 16-QAM modulation and 150 m with 256-QAM modulation. The estimated cell coverage with ±15 degrees beam steering varies from 205 000 m2 to 6 500 m2 using 16-QAM and 256-QAM modulations, respectively. Usable beam width (BW) of the transceiver array is dependent on the system EVM requirement. It varies based on modulation, coding, and link distance. This phenomenon is called cell breathing, which is similar to any cellular system with adaptive coding techniques, although BW might be much narrower in 5G mmW systems.

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“…High integration rate of the mmW transceivers and utilization of large antenna arrays challenges the traditional conducted testing that has been used in standardization of previous LTE, 3G and 2G systems. Different number of antennas from 32 [2] to 144 [3] or even 384 elements [4] have been reported in the literature. The cabling of antenna array for conducted testing would be very complex and the small physical dimensions of the array would make conducted testing unfeasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G mm-Wave Link Range Estimation Based on Over-the-Air Measured System EVM Performance

Leinonen

Tervo

Jokinen

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)

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Performance of 5G New Radio millimeter wave (mmW) systems are expected to be tested over-the-air (OTA). In this paper, we use OTA measured system error vector magnitude (EVM) with varying automatic gain control, to characterize the achievable link range with 5G NR waveform. The platform used in the measurements is one of the first public 5G mmW wireless backhaul Proof of Concept systems. We show that OTA system EVM measured in an Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) chamber with varying AGC correlates well with line of sight outdoor measurements. Hence, the link range of the system can be approximated by attenuating OTA signal level either with gain controls of the radio units or with attenuation material between the radio units. The key advantage of link range estimation based on OTA measurements in the EMC chamber is better repeatability and protection from random radio interference which is present in real outdoor environment.

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A 60GHz 144-element phased-array transceiver with 51dBm maximum EIRP and ±60° beam steering for backhaul application

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

X-Array

X-Array

System EVM Characterization and Coverage Area Estimation of 5G Directive mmW Links

5G mm-Wave Link Range Estimation Based on Over-the-Air Measured System EVM Performance

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