A 60 GHz Wideband Phased-Array LNA With Short-Stub Passive Vector Generator

An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

“…shows the range of the power consumed by different devices included in a mmWave front-end. Data were taken from a number of recent papers proposing protoype devices for PAs[84]-[87], LNAs[88]-[91], phase shifters[92]-[98], VCOs[99]-[101] and ADCs[102]-[108] at mmWave frequencies. L t (L r ) is the number of RF chains at the TX(RX).…”

A Low Power LNA-Phase Shifter With Vector Sum Method for 60 GHz Beamforming Receiver

“…The size including the pads is only 1. 3 . In [4]- [6], from the limitations of passive PSs and the conventional VSPS, the overall gain of the LNA-PS is degraded by the lossy PS while consuming a large amount of dc power.…”

“…In addition, the total size including the pads is only 1. 3 . Given its power efficient characteristics, the proposed LNA-PS is very promising for the 60 GHz beamforming receiver of handheld devices in WPAN scenarios.…”

“…In a conventional VSPS [3], differential I/Q signals that are generated by additional blocks such as a poly-phase filter are fed into the gates of a vector adder. In order to cover the full 360 degree phase shifting range, all four drains, which represent the four quadrants of the Cartesian coordinates coming from the differential IQ VGA, are physically connected.…”

“…Considerable efforts have been devoted to realizing a low loss millimeter-wave PS. Among the various architectures, the most widely adopted architecture is the vector sum phase shifter (VSPS), which is based on a weighted combination of IQ signals [3]. Compared to passive PSs such as reflection type phase shifters (RTPS), which are composed of a bulky hybrid coupler and reactive loads, the VSPS generally shows better insertion loss (IL) with a compact size because it is realized through a combination of active components.…”