A 6‐year investigation into types of dental trauma treated in a paediatric dentistry clinic in Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, the effective factors and the applied treatments for dental trauma among children aged 1-15 years from Eastern Anatolia in a 6-year period. The total frequency of trauma in this study was calculated as 4.9% during a 6-year period. The males were found to have more traumatic injury than females (P < 0.05). Also, the permanent teeth were more vulnerable to dental trauma than the primary teeth (P < 0.05). The highest frequency of traumas in the primary teeth was observed at the age of 5, whereas the rate for the permanent teeth was at the age of 10. The teeth mostly influenced by the traumas were the upper central incisors in both primary and permanent teeth. It was in October that traumas were mostly seen for the permanent teeth and in June for the primary teeth. The most frequent source of trauma in both genders and in both primary and permanent teeth were falls. The most common type of trauma in the primary teeth was lateral luxation, while it was enamel-dentin crown fracture in the permanent ones. Soft tissue injuries were observed in 143 of 653 dental traumatized children. The most common method of treatment was examination and follow up for the primary teeth, and only direct restoration for the permanent teeth without any endodontic treatment. 15% of the patients applied for treatment 1 year after injury event. Therefore, it was concluded that the patients, parents and teachers living in Eastern Anatolia should be informed about the necessity of early treatment of dental traumas and the consequence of a delay.

Prevalence, Type and Etiology of Dental and Soft Tissue Injuries in Children in Croatia

“…A lack of motor coordination 25,26 on walking and running is the main reason for TDI in preschool children, whereas in early school-age children, TDIs are most likely due to increased independence at school, playgrounds and sports 4,27,28 . In agreement with previous studies [18][19][20]29,30 , this study showed that TDI commonly involved maxillary incisors. Th is fi nding may be explained by the fact that these teeth may have inadequate lip coverage and frequently protrude 30 .…”

“…Th e most common type of trauma in primary teeth was subluxation. Periodontal tissue injuries in primary dentition occurred 2.8 times more often than hard dental tissue injuries, a result similar to other studies 3,16,20,28,32 . Th is fi nding can be explained by the periodontal ligament elasticity and alveolar bone resilience 26,30 .…”

“…Th is fi nding can be explained by the periodontal ligament elasticity and alveolar bone resilience 26,30 . In permanent teeth, enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure were the most frequent type of injury, which is similar to other studies 12,15,[18][19][20]33 , but contrary to a group of studies that found enamel fracture to be the most frequent type of hard dental tissue injury [34][35][36][37] . In this study, there was a statistically signifi cant relationship between age, gender, location, and cause of injury (p<0.05).…”

“…Th e peak of injuries to primary teeth occurs at the age of 2 and at the age of 9 for permanent teeth. Our fi ndings disagree with the studies by Osuji 23 and Eyuboglu et al 20 , but are consistent with the study by Andreasen et al 24 . A lack of motor coordination 25,26 on walking and running is the main reason for TDI in preschool children, whereas in early school-age children, TDIs are most likely due to increased independence at school, playgrounds and sports 4,27,28 .…”

“…Although Glendor 11 states that there is a trend toward reduced gender diff erences in the distribution of trauma, as confi rmed by other studies 16,17 , our study belongs to the group of studies [18][19][20] demonstrating that gender diff erences persist in favor of males (1.5:1). However, in this study, preschool girls showed higher rates of TDI than boys, which is in agreement with Carvalho et al 21 .…”