A 6-month dietary toxicity study of acidic sodium aluminium phosphate in beagle dogs

Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects

“…Similarly, no effect on organ weight nor histological changes were found in the hearts of rats that ingested 133 or 284 mg Al/kg/day as Al nitrate in drinking water or base diet for 30 days (Gomez et al, 1986) or 100 days, respectively (Domingo et al, 1987). Organ weight and histological changes were not observed in the hearts of dogs that consumed 75 mg Al/kg/day (Katz et al, 1984) or 88 mg Al/kg/day (Pettersen et al, 1990) as sodium Al phosphate in the diet for 6 months. In summary, cardiovascular effects due to toxicosis are congenital heart defects, inflammation and dysfunction of the myocardium and cardiovascular thrombosis.…”

“…In rats loaded with Al, heme dyshomeostasis was reported with evidence of decreased activity of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and increased activity of heme oxygenase in the rat liver associated with activation of JNK pathway, indicating an increase in heme degradation (Lin et al, 2013). No alterations in hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte osmotic fragility were reported in a number of experimental Al exposures (Katz et al, 1984;Gomez et al, 1986;Domingo et al, 1987;Pettersen et al, 1990;Oteiza et al, 1993b;Garbossa et al, 1996). Vittori et al (1999) did not find significant alterations in plasma iron levels or total iron binding capacity in rats exposed to 230 mg Al/kg/day as Al citrate in drinking water for 8 months; however, they reported impaired iron uptake and decreased iron incorporation into heme in the bone marrow.…”

Aluminum reproductive toxicity: a summary and interpretation of scientific reports

“…Beekhuijzen (2007) 20, 98, or 494 554, 2744, or 13,832 Hirata-Koizumi et al (2011b 4.6, 23, or 100 319, 1582, or 6990 Hirata-Koizumi et al 2011a1.5, 13.4, or 114 104, 935, or 7980 B. No statistically significant effects from exposures similar to A. above McCollum et al (1928) 4 5 $945 Schaeffer and Fontes (1928) $85-240 Lyman and Scott (1930) $220-468 Mackenzie (1932) $235-400 McCormack et al (1979) 16 or 32 80 or 160 Nolen and Dierckman (1983) 30 or 643 297 or 6432 Nolen and Dierckman (1983) 30, 139, or 643 387, 1803, or 8362 Katz et al (1984) 9.5, 30, or 92 1738, 5600, or 16,862 Yokel (1985) 142, 567, or 2268567, or 2268567, or , 9072, or 36,288 Donald et al (1989 102 or 203 2030 or 4060 Muller et al (1990) 400 2800, 5600, or 8,000 Misawa and Shigeta (1992) 36, 73, or 145 473, 945, or 1891 Colomina et al (1994) 208 2076 and 47, 95, or 189 473, 947, or 1893 Gonda et al (1997) 189 1893 Alleva et al (1998) 64, 86, or 107 516, 688, or 860 Golub and Germann (2001) 20, 102, or 203 609, 3045, or 6090 Wise et al (2008) 48.6 450 Segal et al 20113.1 280 Abu-Taweel et al 2012121 or 242 2424 or 4848 Inohana et al (2018) 216 or 414 3456 or 6624 Wise et al (2018) 142 5021 C. Study found some statistically significant results from exposures similar to A. above Domingo et al (1987a) 26, 52, or 104 700, 1400, or 2800 Domingo et al (1987b) 26, 52, or 104 207, 415, or 829 Paternain et al (1988 26, 52, or 104 233, 467, or 933 Bernuzzi et al (1989) 96, 273, or 399;96, 195, or 378 2016, 5733, or 8379;2016, 4095, or 7938 Domingo ...…”

Aluminum bioavailability from basic sodium aluminum phosphate, an approved food additive emulsifying agent, incorporated in cheese

“…Different food sources contribute variable amounts of Al to the human diet (Pennington, 1987;UK-MAFF, 1993;Lopez et al, 2002). Sodium aluminum phosphates (SALPs) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) FDA-approved food additives that contribute the greatest amount of Al to the diet (Katz et al, 1984;Humphreys and Bolger, 1997;Saiyed and Yokel, 2005). Basic SALP is one of many "emulsifying salts" added to process cheese, cheese food and cheese spread which react with and change the protein of cheese to produce a smooth, uniform film around each fat droplet to prevent separation and bleeding of fat from the cheese.…”