Aluminum bioavailability from basic sodium aluminum phosphate, an approved food additive emulsifying agent, incorporated in cheese

Abstract

Oral aluminum (Al) bioavailability from drinking water has been previously estimated, but there is little information on Al bioavailability from foods. It was suggested that oral Al bioavailability from drinking water is much greater than from foods. The objective was to further test this hypothesis. Oral Al bioavailability was determined in the rat from basic [26Al]-sodium aluminum phosphate (basic SALP) in a process cheese. Consumption of approximately 1g cheese containing 1.5% or 3% basic SALP resulted in oral Al bioavailability (F) of approximately 0.1% and 0.3%, respectively, and time to maximum serum 26Al concentration (Tmax) of 8-9h. These Al bioavailability results were intermediate to previously reported results from drinking water (F approximately 0.3%) and acidic-SALP incorporated into a biscuit (F approximately 0.1%), using the same methods. Considering the similar oral bioavailability of Al from food vs. water, and their contribution to the typical human's daily Al intake ( approximately 95% and 1.5%, respectively), these results suggest food contributes much more Al to systemic circulation, and potential Al body burden, than does drinking water. These results do not support the hypothesis that drinking water provides a disproportionate contribution to total Al absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Regulatory role of zinc during aluminium‐induced altered carbohydrate metabolism in rat brain

“…Modern life styles are making human beings more prone to Al exposure day by day. Al enters human body through atmospheric particulates, mining industries, agriculture, antiperspirants, paints, yellow cheese, beverages, utensils, and a number of pharmaceutical products (Yokel et al, 2008;Cao et al, 2010). Numerous reports have connected Al accumulation in the brain to various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amylotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Savory et al, 2006;Yokel, 2006;Komatsu et al, 2011).…”

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

“…Aluminum exposures are ubiquitous, including in food and drinking water [8]. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust.…”

Aluminum in Food – The Nature and Contribution of Food Additives

“…c Based on reports cited in the text. d (Stauber et al 1999;Yokel and Florence 2006;Yokel, Hicks, and Florence 2008). e (Horemans et al 2008).…”

“…Using the AUC × time method, oral Al bioavailability in rats that ate ~ 1 gm of biscuit containing [ 26 Al]-labeled acidic SALP averaged ~ 0.12% (Yokel and Florence 2006) and 0.1% to 0.3% from basic SALP incorporated into cheese (Yokel, Hicks, and Florence 2008). Concurrent consumption of citrate, and to a lesser extent other carboxylic acids, can increase oral Al absorption, as can increased solubility of the Al, a more acidic environment, uremia, and perhaps fluoride (Krewski et al 2007).…”