A 5G Fiber Wireless 4Gb/s WDM Fronthaul for Flexible 360° Coverage in V-Band massive MIMO Small Cells

Ruggeri, Eugenio; Tsakyridis, Apostolos; Vagionas, Christos; Kalfas, George; Oldenbeuving, Ruud M.; Dijk, P.W.L. van; Roeloffzen, C.G.H.; Leiba, Yigal; Pleros, Nikos; Miliou, Amalia

doi:10.1109/jlt.2020.3029608

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Finally, multiple wireless measurement campaigns validate the use of integrated OBFNs, including designs based on optical ring resonators [40], [41], [57], ultra-compact plasmonic phase modulators [49], and SODLs [55]. Furthermore, several mmWave RAUs implementing electrical beamforming [43], [50]- [53] have been proposed. In [50], [51], each dipole AE of the 32-element planar array is connected to a phase shifter and amplifier, enabling high beamforming flexibility at the cost of complexity.…”

Section: State Of the Art And Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Filled SIW Remote Antenna Unit With True Time Delay Optical Beamforming for mmWave-Over-Fiber Systems

Paula

Bogaert

Caytan

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A low-complexity and efficient mmWave-over-fiber remote antenna unit (RAU) is proposed that enables broadband transmission and wide-angle squint-free beam steering in the full [26.5-29.5] GHz n257 5G band. It leverages an in-house developed optical beamforming network (OBFN), implemented on a silicon photonics integrated circuit, and a broadband optically enabled 1x4 uniform linear array (ULA), enabling grating-lobe-free beam steering between [-50 • , 50 • ]. The antenna elements (AEs) of the ULA are implemented in air-filled substrate-integratedwaveguide technology. They adopt a novel improved aperturecoupled feeding scheme to achieve high efficiency, high isolation and minimal back radiation over a broad frequency band. Each AE is compactly integrated and co-optimized with a dedicated opto-electrical transmit chain, maximizing the RAU's performance, including beamforming flexibility and energy efficiency, while minimizing its size. The separately packaged OBFN implements true-time-delay beamforming by means of four switchable optical delay lines that are capable of discretely tuning the delay difference between AEs with a resolution of 1.6 ps, up to a maximum delay of 49.6 ps to fully exploit the ULA's full grating-lobe-free scan range. Measurements show that the AEs are excellently matched in the [25.1-30.75] GHz band, exhibit high isolation (>15 dB) in the operating band, and feature a stable peak gain of 6.8±0.72 dBi with a beamwidth of at least 95 • . Additionally, optical beamforming was successfully demonstrated by steering the RAU's beam towards angles up to 51.8 • , with a maximum gain degradation below 0.6 dB. Finally, the optically enabled 1×4 ULA successfully establishes a 64-QAM wireless communication link at 2.2 Gbaud (13.2 Gbps) while beam steering up to 50 • with an error vector magnitude below 7.6%.

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Section: State Of the Art And Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Filled SIW Remote Antenna Unit With True Time Delay Optical Beamforming for mmWave-Over-Fiber Systems

Paula

Bogaert

Caytan

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…In the last few years, in fact, photonics has been demonstrating attractive features for microwave applications as extremely wide operating frequency range and instantaneous bandwidth [23]- [25], fast tunable filtering [26], tunable photonics-based microwave mixing with very high port-to-port isolation, and intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic interferences [27]. In [28], an UWB photonics-based transmitter for radio-over-fiber systems has been proposed, presenting an operating bandwidth larger than 60 GHz, although using, to operate at different frequencies, a bulky electronic synthesizer impeding desired low SWaP solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UWB Fastly–Tunable 0.5–50 GHz RF Transmitter Based on Integrated Photonics

Falconi

Porzi

Malacarne

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Currently, due to the 6G revolution, applications ranging from communication to sensing are experiencing an increasing and urgent need of software-defined ultra-wideband (UWB) and tunable radio frequency (RF) apparatuses with low size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP). Unfortunately, the coexistence of ultra-wideband and software-defined operation, tunability and low SWaP represents a big issue in the current RF technologies. Recently, photonic techniques have been demonstrated to support achieving the desired features when applied in RF UWB transmitters, introducing extremely wide operation and instantaneous bandwidth, tunable filtering, tunable photonics-based microwave mixing with very high port-to-port isolation, and intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic interferences. Moreover, the recent advances in photonics integration also allow to obtain very compact devices.In this article, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a complete tunable software-defined RF transmitter with low footprint (i.e. on photonic chip) is presented exceeding the stateof-the-art for the extremely large tunability range of 0.5-50 GHz without any parallelization of narrower-band components and with fast tuning (< 200 μs). This first implementation represents a breakthrough in microwave photonics.

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“…In the last few years, in fact, photonics has been demonstrating attractive features for microwave applications as extremely wide operating frequency range and instantaneous bandwidth [23]- [25], fast tunable filtering [26], tunable photonics-based microwave mixing with very high port-to-port isolation, and intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic interferences [27]. In [28], an UWB photonicsbased transmitter for radio-over-fiber systems has been proposed, presenting an operating BW larger than 60 GHz, although using, to operate at different frequencies, a bulky electronic synthesizer impeding desired low SWaP solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UWB fastly-tunable 0.5-50 GHz RF transmitter based on integrated photonics

Falconi

Porzi

Scotti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the last decade, the interest in software-defined ultra-wideband (UWB) and tunable radio frequency (RF) apparatuses with low size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP), has grown dramatically, pushed by the new 6G vision where, RF equipment shall enable a large number of fundamental applications as UWB communications, robot localization mapping and control and high precision radars, all of them contributing in revolutionizing our life style. Unfortunately, the coexistence of ultra-wideband and software-defined operation, tunability and low SWaP represents a big issue in the current RF technologies. In this article, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a complete tunable software-defined RF transmitter with low footprint (i.e. on photonic chip) is presented exceeding the state-of-the-art for the extremely large tunability range of 0.5-50 GHz without any parallelization of narrower-band components and with fast tuning (<200micros). This first implementation, represents a breakthrough in microwave photonics.

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A 5G Fiber Wireless 4Gb/s WDM Fronthaul for Flexible 360° Coverage in V-Band massive MIMO Small Cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 55 publications

Air-Filled SIW Remote Antenna Unit With True Time Delay Optical Beamforming for mmWave-Over-Fiber Systems

Air-Filled SIW Remote Antenna Unit With True Time Delay Optical Beamforming for mmWave-Over-Fiber Systems

UWB Fastly–Tunable 0.5–50 GHz RF Transmitter Based on Integrated Photonics

UWB fastly-tunable 0.5-50 GHz RF transmitter based on integrated photonics

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