A 55-65 GHz Internal Differentially Matched Silicon Power Amplifier With Spirally Folded 1:2 Balun

Abstract

A 55-65-GHz CMOS high power amplifier (PA) is designed with the help of a spirally folded 1:2 balun. By this size-folded balun, balance-unbalanced conversion and high-power combination are accomplished concurrently. Within the internal of PA, differential signal pairs benefit simplification of inter-stage matching topologies. The designed three-stage PA offers above 16.3-dB gain from 55.1 to 65.0 GHz. It is able to deliver 17.8-dBm output referred 1-dB compression point (P 1 dB) and 22.2-dBm saturated output power (P sat) with a peak power-added efficiency of 10.9%.

Study of harmonic control power amplifier technology based on improved modeling of bondwire

“…is the vector differential length along BW2, R ij is the distance between the linear current I 1 on the center axis of BW1 and the vector magnetic potential A 1 generated by the center of BW2, μ 0 is the permeability of vacuum, the value is 4π * 10-7. In (20), the calculations of each part are as follows:…”

“…Substituting the above results into formula (20), the mutual inductance between the double-bondwires can be obtained as:…”

“…In other works, some researchers have applied the bondwire model to the design of RF devices, [9][10][11][12][13][14] taking the design of a PA as an example, the bondwire is used to participate in signal transmission and forming matching networks in the PA design of each band. [15][16][17][18][19][20] The integration of these PAs include internal matching mode and MMIC. Although some models are reported to be applicable to 100 GHz, their accuracy cannot satisfy the PA designer's needs.…”

3D Smith Chart Constant Quality Factor Semi-Circles Contours for Positive and Negative Resistance Circuits

“…We know from [18][19] that any transformation of form (6) represents an inversive transformation mapping always generalized circles (circles or infinite lines) into generalized circles.…”

“…The Smith chart [1][2], which, was invented by Philip Hagar Smith in 1939, has survived the passing of years, becoming an icon of microwave engineering [3]. It is still being used in the design and measurement stage of various radio frequency or microwave range devices [4][5][6][7], for plotting a variety of frequency dependent parameters. Constant quality factor (Q) representations on the Smith chart are a visual way to determine the quality factor of various passive microwave circuits, being mostly known in the microwave frequency range community [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”