A 52-year-old woman with a subcutaneous, slightly movable and painless nodule in the left breast

Bežić, Joško; Vrbičić, Branka; Guberina, Paško; Alfier, Vinko; Projić, Petar; Marović, Zlatko

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2006.403

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The bibliography search retrieved 16 articles reporting on 27 cases of human dirofilariasis in Croatia [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ]. The first published article was printed in 1996, and the last in 2019, with the highest rate of published cases in 2015 ( N = 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N – number; d. – dirofilariasis; Sc – subcutaneous; O – ocular; G – genital; M – mammary; R – repens ; I – immitis . Epidemiological characteristics Coastal Croatia Continental Croatia All Croatia References Mosquito species (N) ⁎ 25–27 20–32 53 [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ] Canine d. prevalence (%) 8–30.5 15.5–47.3 8–47.3 [ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] ] Human d. reports (N) ⁎⁎ 7 10 17 [ 16 , 22 , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [23] , [24] , [25] ] Human d. cases (N) 14 16 30 Form Sc:O:G:M (N) 10:2:1:1 3:10:3 13:12:5 Species R : I (N) 14:0 16:0 30:0 ⁎ Croatian mosquito fauna comprises eight genera: Anopheles , Aedes , Ochlerotatus , Culex , Culiseta , Coquillettidia , Orth...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ref – reference; No – number; Unknown – unspecified or data unavailable; D .– Dilofilaria . Ref Year No of cases Geographic Region Traveling history Animal contact Form of infection Anatomical site D. species [ 10 ] 1996 1 Central Croatia International (Kosovo) Unknown Ocular Subconjunctival D. repens [ 11 ] 2003 2 2 Dalmatia 1 International (France) 1 Unknown 2 Unknown 2 Subcutaneous 1 Head (temporal) 1 Elbow 2 D. repens [ 12 ] 2005 5 5 Dalmatia 5 Unknown 5 Unknown 5 Subcutaneous 5 Unknown 5 D. repens [ 13 ] 2006 1 Dalmatia No Unknown Mammary Mammary gland D. repens [ 14 ] 2007 1 Central Croatia Unknown Unknown Ocular Lacrimal gland D. repens [ 15 ] 2007 1 Dalmatia Unknown Unknown Genital Epididymis D. repens [ 16 ] 2007 2 2 Central Croatia 1 Domestic 1 No 1 Domestic animals 1 No 2 Subcutaneous 1 Lumbal region 1 Thigh …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

et al. 2020

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Introduction Human dirofilariasis is a disease historically linked to the Mediterranean area. For the last few decades, however, Dirofilaria nematodes have been spreading, both in terms of prevalence and the geographical expansion in non-endemic areas. Currently, cases of human dirofilariasis are recorded in more than 40 countries worldwide. Croatia is considered an endemic area of the Adriatic basin. Methods In a nationwide investigation, new and previously published cases of human dirofilariasis in Croatia were analyzed. Results Since 1996, 30 cases of human dirofilariosis were reported in Croatia. A total of 14 (46,67%) cases were from the coastal and 16 (53,33%) from continental regions of the country. Based on anatomical location, 13 (43,33%) cases were subcutaneous, 12 (40%) were ocular and five (16,67%) occurred in the reproductive organs. In all 30 cases, Dirofilaria repens was identified as the causative agent. Conclusions An increase in air temperature as climate change, changes in mosquito fauna, high prevalence of D. repens in dogs and limited use of chemoprophylaxis are possible risk factors for Dirofilaria infection in the Croatian population. Since reporting to epidemiological services is not mandatory in this country, the real number of human dirofilariasis cases is probably significantly higher than published. This emphasizes the need for mandatory reporting of human cases and surveillance of Dirofilaria infection in dogs and mosquitoes in Croatia, following the “One Health” concept.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

et al. 2020

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“…In Croatia, similar to other European countries, number of reported cases has been increasing, however, the exact number of human infections with D. repens remains unknown [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. As of today, there is no obligation to report human dirofilariasis in Croatia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report

Djaković¹,

Leniček²,

Beck³

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Number of reported cases of human dirofilariasis in the last couple of decades has been increasing. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts, while various mosquito species represent/serve as vectors. Human infections are caused by two different parasites: Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Dirofilaria repens is currently considered to be one of the most rapidly-spreading human and animal parasite species in Europe. Clinical features are characterised by subcutaneous or ocular lesions which can persist for months without any symptoms. The disease is considered to be endemic in Mediterranean countries, central Asia, Israel, and Sri Lanka with increased incidence in Central and East Europe. Apart from the local population, tourists are also susceptible to this disease. Export of domestic animals can transfer parasites between different countries. This disease is rare in Croatia. CASE PRESENTATION: We are presenting a case of a 58-year-old female patient with dirofilariasis of the genital region caused by Dirofilaria repens, confirmed with PCR and sequencing. CONCLUSION: From the clinician point of view, subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of long-lasting subcutaneous swellings.

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A 52-year-old woman with a subcutaneous, slightly movable and painless nodule in the left breast

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report

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