A 5 × 5 cm2 protonic ceramic fuel cell with a power density of 1.3 W cm–2 at 600 °C

Ferritic stainless steel interconnects for protonic ceramic electrochemical cell stacks: Oxidation behavior and protective coatings

“…For co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O, the lower operating temperature of PCECs favors in-situ Fischer-Tropsch reactions [13], which are the rate-controlling reactions for co-electrolysis in solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOEC) [14].The lower operating temperature further allows the use of less expensive interconnect and balance-of-plant (BoP) materials, resulting in lower manufacturing costs [15].Although protonic ceramic cell technology has shown great promise, most of the research and development efforts have focused only on the single cell level [1,2,4,7,[16][17][18][19]. Recently, researchers from South Korea demonstrated a scaled-up (5 × 5 cm 2 ) single protonic ceramic fuel cell that showed exciting high initial performance at intermediate temperatures [20]. Up to now, however, stack development of protonic ceramic cells has not been reported.…”

“…Although protonic ceramic cell technology has shown great promise, most of the research and development efforts have focused only on the single cell level [1,2,4,7,[16][17][18][19]. Recently, researchers from South Korea demonstrated a scaled-up (5 × 5 cm 2 ) single protonic ceramic fuel cell that showed exciting high initial performance at intermediate temperatures [20]. Up to now, however, stack development of protonic ceramic cells has not been reported.…”

Assessment of co-sintering as a fabrication approach for metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells

“…This is not surprising, as BZCY is typically sintered at 1500-1600 °C. Recent work indicates that addition of sintering aids, modification of the composition, and use of a reactive sintering approach can all lead to complete densification in air below 1500 °C [44,45,62]. Therefore, we anticipate that with future effort these approaches will enable densification in reducing atmosphere as well.…”

“…It is anticipated that if a compatible family of protonconducting oxides is identified, other limitations such as low conductivity or high sintering temperature can be overcome with focused effort. For barium cerium yttrium zirconate (BZCY) as an example, conductivity has been improved almost an order of magnitude (see Figure 2), and sintering temperature has dropped from approximately 1600 °C to 1350 °C after several years of global effort focused on doping and powder processing improvements [11,35,44,45]. Here, we select representative compositions from several families of proton-conducting oxides and determine their suitability for co-sintering on stainless steel.…”

One-Step Fabrication of Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells Using a Convenient Tape Calendering Method

“…A proton-conducting electrolyte membrane as a PCFC's heart transports proton charge carriers with high levels of ionic conductivity compared with those of oxygen-ionic electrolytes of the traditional solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), owing to the corresponding high mobility/concentration of protons [6][7][8][9]. This allows the operational temperatures of the FCs to be decreased by~100-300 • C to reach low-(300-500 • C) and intermediate-temperature (500-700 • C) ranges [10][11][12][13]. As a consequence, temperature-determined processes (electrode sintering, material interaction, thermal misbalance, poisoning) occurring in PCFCs become less adverse factors in terms of their effect on overall performance and FC degradation over a long-term period of operation [14][15][16].…”