A 4-bit 2ps Resolution Time-to-Digital Converter Utilizing Multi-Path Delay Line for ADPLL

Hassan, Omar; Rashed, Kareem; Hussien, Faisal; Aboudina, Mohamed M.

doi:10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021937

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Similar to the STDP learning rule, the conductance of the memristor is programmed using temporal ToF information. − This method facilitates the storage of the detected ToF information in a physical medium as conductance without requiring complex digital ToF architectures with numerous transistors and capacitors, resulting in a miniaturized system footprint. The neuromorphic 3D sensing also allows for a low power consumption of 0.171 mW for single depth acquisition, which is below the average power consumption of other conventional ToF architectures (0.1–0.65 mW) such as a vernier delay line, multiphase delay line, ring oscillator, and vernier ring oscillator …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…10−12 This method facilitates the storage of the detected ToF information in a physical medium as conductance without requiring complex digital ToF architectures with numerous transistors and capacitors, resulting in a miniaturized system footprint. The neuromorphic 3D sensing also allows for a low power consumption of 0.171 mW for single depth acquisition, 10 which is below the average power consumption of other conventional ToF architectures (0.1−0.65 mW) such as a vernier delay line, 13 multiphase delay line, 14 ring oscillator, 15 and vernier ring oscillator. 16 NLOS ranging is a promising 3D imaging application based on the ToF principle, which detects indirect optical signals for visualizing hidden objects.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The resistance distribution of each state during the repeating cycles exhibits a Gaussian distribution with small set/reset variances (86.71 and 1.118 kΩ, respectively). The consistent resistive endurance of the memristor has potential applications in 3D imaging techniques, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR). − These techniques require the acquisition of massive point-by-point data through repeated emitting and receiving of optical flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Line-of-Sight Detection Based on Neuromorphic Time-of-Flight Sensing

et al. 2023

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Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) detection and ranging aim to identify hidden objects by sensing indirect light reflections. Although numerous computational methods have been proposed for NLOS detection and imaging, the post-signal processing required by peripheral circuits remains complex. One possible solution for simplifying NLOS detection and ranging involves the use of neuromorphic devices, such as memristors, which have intrinsic resistive-switching capabilities and can store spatiotemporal information. In this study, we employed the memristive spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning rule to program the time-of-flight (ToF) depth information directly into a memristor medium. By coupling the transmitted signal from the source with the photocurrent from the target object into a single memristor unit, we were able to induce a tunable programming pulse based on the time interval between the two signals that were superimposed. Here, this neuromorphic ToF principle is employed to detect and range NLOS objects without requiring complex peripheral circuitry to process raw signals. We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of the neuromorphic ToF principle by integrating a HfO 2 memristor and an avalanche photodiode to detect NLOS objects in multiple directions. This technology has potential applications in various fields, such as automotive navigation, machine learning, and biomedical engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Line-of-Sight Detection Based on Neuromorphic Time-of-Flight Sensing

et al. 2023

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“…Basically, the delay line in the Vernier TDC can be roughly divided into three categories. The first kind of delay line is composed of typical inverters without feedback adjustment circuits [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. This kind of delay line has a simple structure, but cannot deal with PVT variations, so its robustness needs to be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Jitter Harmonic-Free All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop for Multi-Channel Vernier TDC

Tong

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper presents a low jitter All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop (ADDLL) with fast lock time and process immunity. A coarse locking algorithm is proposed to prevent harmonic locking with just a small increase in hardware resources. In order to effectively solve the dithering phenomenon after locking, a replica delay line and a modified binary search algorithm with two modes were introduced in our ADDLL, which can significantly reduce the peak-to-peak jitter of the replica delay line. In addition, digital codes for a replica delay line can be conveniently applied to the delay line of multi-channel Vernier TDC while maintaining consistency between channels. The proposed ADDLL has been designed in 55 nm CMOS technology. In addition, the post-layout simulation results show that when operated at 1.2 V, the proposed ADDLL locks within 37 cycles and has a closed-loop characteristic, the peak-to-peak and root-mean-square jitter at 800 MHz are 6.5 ps and 1.18 ps, respectively. The active area is 0.024 mm2 and the power consumption at 800 MHz is 6.92 mW. In order to verify the performance of the proposed ADDLL, an architecture of dual ADDLL is applied to Vernier TDC to stabilize the Vernier delay lines against the process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. With a 600 MHz operating frequency, the TDC achieves a 10.7 ps resolution, and the proposed ADDLL can keep the resolution stable even if PVT varies.

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A 4-bit 2ps Resolution Time-to-Digital Converter Utilizing Multi-Path Delay Line for ADPLL

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Non-Line-of-Sight Detection Based on Neuromorphic Time-of-Flight Sensing

Non-Line-of-Sight Detection Based on Neuromorphic Time-of-Flight Sensing

A Low-Jitter Harmonic-Free All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop for Multi-Channel Vernier TDC

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