A 3D Compact Wideband 16×16 Butler Matrix for 4G/3G Applications

Cerna, Rafael D.; Yarleque, Manuel A.

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2018.8439542

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Compared with a conventional 2D BFN, as depicted in the right side of Fig. 10, the required module is reduced from eight (2N with N = 4) to five (N + 1) [23], [24]. This is achieved even without a costly and bulky nonplanar SP16T switch.…”

Section: Planar 16-element Beam-scanning Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benefiting from the single-input topology, a planar 16-element phased array for 2D beamscanning is then realized with a reduced number of PDN modules. It thereby dramatically reduces the complexity of a scanning antenna system since the high-cost and bulky SP16T switch is removed, and the number of modules is reduced from eight (4 vertical plus 4 horizontal ones) [23]- [24] to five (one vertical plus 4 horizontal ones).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Phase Distribution Network Using 2 × 4 Butler Matrix for Linear/Planar Beam-Scanning Arrays

Chu

2021

IEEE Access

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A new 1  4 phase distribution network (PDN) featuring a fully controllable progressive phase shift between outputs is proposed for continuous beam-scanning arrays. The PDN is made up of two parts: a modified 2  4 Butler matrix integrated with four phase shifters (PSs), and a tunable power divider (TPD) whose power division ratio can be controlled over a wide tuning range. The synthesis equations show that the relative phase shift between PDN outputs can be fully controlled by the TPD and embedded PSs without using an external single-pole quad-throw (SP4T) switch. The proposed PDN is demonstrated at 2.4 GHz as the feed network of a 4-element linear array. The experimental results display a fully controllable progressive phase shift (from −180° to 180°) between PDN outputs over a 20% bandwidth with good performance of matching, power division, and relative phase shifts. A spatial coverage of 116° with the feature of continuous beam scanning and negligible dc power consumption is achieved. Benefitting from the single-input topology, a planar 16-element phased array for 2D beam scanning is then realized by simply stacking and cascading five instead of eight PDN modules. It removes the high-cost and bulky SP16T switch. Experimental results demonstrate the uniqueness of the proposed designs.INDEX TERMS Antenna arrays, beam-steering, Butler matrix, phase shifters, tunable circuit and devices.

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Section: Planar 16-element Beam-scanning Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phase Distribution Network Using 2 × 4 Butler Matrix for Linear/Planar Beam-Scanning Arrays

Chu

2021

IEEE Access

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“…At present, there are many ways to implement multibeam antennas, among which one of the most mature technologies is beamforming network. The most famous beamforming network is the Butler matrix, 1 which can be realized using the symmetrical and asymmetric structure, such as 4 × 4, 2,3 8 × 8, 4 16 × 16, 5 2 × 8, 6 4 × 8 7 . The Blass matrix 8 is another kind of beamforming network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of wideband 4 × 4 Nolen matrix using m ultistub loaded phase shifters

Liu

Chen

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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In this article, a wideband microstrip 4 Â 4 Nolen matrix using novel phase shifters is proposed. Because of the unequal electrical paths connecting one input to every output, Nolen matrices in standard form usually introduce significant phase dispersion and amplitude instability, limiting the effective bandwidth. A novel phase shifter consisting of multiple open-and short-circuited stubs is designed, whose rate of change of phase with frequency can be conveniently adjusted. This phase shifter can be used to balance the rate of change of phase with frequency of the unequal electrical paths to reduce the phase dispersion and amplitude instability, thus realizing wide bandwidth of the output phase differences and output amplitudes. To verify the proposed concept, a wideband 4 Â 4 Nolen matrix operating at 6 GHz is designed and fabricated, showing a bandwidth up to 33% within ±15 phase imbalance and 21.5% within ±1 dB amplitude imbalance.

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