A new 1 4 phase distribution network (PDN) featuring a fully controllable progressive phase shift between outputs is proposed for continuous beam-scanning arrays. The PDN is made up of two parts: a modified 2 4 Butler matrix integrated with four phase shifters (PSs), and a tunable power divider (TPD) whose power division ratio can be controlled over a wide tuning range. The synthesis equations show that the relative phase shift between PDN outputs can be fully controlled by the TPD and embedded PSs without using an external single-pole quad-throw (SP4T) switch. The proposed PDN is demonstrated at 2.4 GHz as the feed network of a 4-element linear array. The experimental results display a fully controllable progressive phase shift (from −180° to 180°) between PDN outputs over a 20% bandwidth with good performance of matching, power division, and relative phase shifts. A spatial coverage of 116° with the feature of continuous beam scanning and negligible dc power consumption is achieved. Benefitting from the single-input topology, a planar 16-element phased array for 2D beam scanning is then realized by simply stacking and cascading five instead of eight PDN modules. It removes the high-cost and bulky SP16T switch. Experimental results demonstrate the uniqueness of the proposed designs.INDEX TERMS Antenna arrays, beam-steering, Butler matrix, phase shifters, tunable circuit and devices.
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