A 2.8 μm Pixel for Time of Flight CMOS Image Sensor with 20 ke-Full-Well Capacity in a Tap and 36 % Quantum Efficiency at 940 nm Wavelength

Kwon, Yonghun; Seo, Sungyoung; Cho, Sunghyuck; Choi, Sungho; Kim, Young-Chan; Jin, Yu; Oh, Youngsun; Keel, Min-Sun; Kim, Dae‐Yun; Bae, Myunghan; Km, Yeomyung; Shin, Seung-Chul; Hong, Sunju; Lee, Seok-Ha; Park, Ho Woo; Kim, Yitae; Koh, Kyoungmin; Ahn, Jin-Hyun

doi:10.1109/iedm13553.2020.9371950

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Obtaining lower dark noise, kTC noise canceling is effective. For this purpose, the implementation of in-pixel intermediate storages is adapted in [10,17,26]. Since the choice often reduces the full well capacity, a higher modulation frequency is essential to reduce 𝐷 𝑀 𝐴𝑋 .…”

Section: Depth Precisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, lock-in pixels having a small size of 2-3 µm pitch [10][11][12]26] were presented for a high spatial resolution iTOF sensor having 1-1.2M pixels. Those designs aim to cover a wide field of view and target a distance up to 5 m, mainly for indoor applications.…”

Section: Charge-modulator-based Lock-in Pixelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in Sec.2.2, the influence of readout noise to depth pre- cision depends on operating conditions. For mainly indoor use, recent TOF imagers having small pixel size [10,17,26] implement the in-pixel charge storage, achieving a low noise level of around 3.5 e-. However, those pixels have the limited full well capacity of several ten ke-(e.g., 20ke-in [26]).…”

Section: Storage Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For mainly indoor use, recent TOF imagers having small pixel size [10,17,26] implement the in-pixel charge storage, achieving a low noise level of around 3.5 e-. However, those pixels have the limited full well capacity of several ten ke-(e.g., 20ke-in [26]). For outdoor use in which both high and low BGL conditions exist, both low noise and high dynamic range are important.…”

Section: Storage Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lock-in Pixel Based Time-of-Flight Range Imagers: An Overview

Yasutomi

Kawahito

2022

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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Time-of-flight (TOF) range imaging is a promising technology for various applications such as touchless control, augmented reality interface, and automotive. The TOF range imagers are classified into two methods: direct TOF with single photo avalanche diodes and indirect TOF with lock-in pixels. The indirect TOF range imagers have advantages in terms of a high spatial resolution and high depth precision because their pixels are simple and can handle many photons at one time. This paper reviews and discusses principal lock-in pixels reported both in the past and present, including circuit-based and charge-modulator-based lock-in pixels. In addition, key technologies that include enhancing sensitivity and background suppression techniques are also discussed.

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Section: Depth Precisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge-modulator-based Lock-in Pixelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Storage Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Storage Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lock-in Pixel Based Time-of-Flight Range Imagers: An Overview

Yasutomi

Kawahito

2022

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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“…This is reasonable assumption for the CMOS imager with relatively high readout speed. A 2.8 m 4-tap iTOF pixel with ICSs has attained the FWC of 20ke-/tap and the total FWC of 80ke- [29]. The FWC per tap for the pixel with ICSs is set by total FWC of 80ke-(conservative) and 160ke-(advanced) here.…”

Section: A Tof Camera and Sensor Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Time-of-Flight Image Sensors for Middle-Range Outdoor Applications

Kawahito

Yasutomi

Mars

2022

IEEE Open J. Solid-State Circuits Soc.

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This paper introduces a new series of time-of-flight (TOF) range image sensors that can be used for outdoor middlerange (10m to 100m) applications by employing a small duty-cycle modulated light pulse with a relatively high optical peak power. This set of TOF sensors is referred to here as a hybrid TOF (hTOF) image sensor. The hTOF image sensor is based on the indirect TOF measurement principle but simultaneously uses the direct TOF concept for coarse measurements. Compared to conventional indirect TOF image sensors for outdoor middlerange applications, the hTOF image sensor has a distinct advantage due to the reduction of capturing ambient light charge. To show the potential of the hTOF image sensor for outdoor middle-range operation, a model of estimating distance precision of hTOF image sensors is built and applied it by using possible sensor specifications to estimate the distance precision of the hTOF range camera in 10m, 20m and 40m measurements under the ambient-light condition of 100klux and its feasibility is discussed. In outdoor 10m-range measurements, the advantage of hTOF image sensors compared to the conventional indirect TOF image sensors is discussed by considering the amount of captured ambient-light charge in pixels.

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A delay cell with duty-cycle correction and parasitic compensation for large array indirect time-of-flight CMOS image sensors

Wang

Nie

et al. 2022

Microelectronics Journal

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A 2.8 μm Pixel for Time of Flight CMOS Image Sensor with 20 ke-Full-Well Capacity in a Tap and 36 % Quantum Efficiency at 940 nm Wavelength

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Lock-in Pixel Based Time-of-Flight Range Imagers: An Overview

Lock-in Pixel Based Time-of-Flight Range Imagers: An Overview

Hybrid Time-of-Flight Image Sensors for Middle-Range Outdoor Applications

A delay cell with duty-cycle correction and parasitic compensation for large array indirect time-of-flight CMOS image sensors

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