A 2 × 1 array‐based wideband mm‐wave antenna integrated with a 2‐element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna for
            <scp>5G</scp>
            mobile terminals

Salamin, Mohammad Ahmad; Hussain, Niamat; Le, Tuan Tu

doi:10.1002/mmce.22709

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As MIMO allows multiple antennas to radiate simultaneously, enhancing the channel capacity and data rates with multi-Gbps throughput (required for 5G systems), therefore, it draws the attention of researchers, and in recent years MIMO has been widely studied. Numerous works have been reported with MIMO antenna designs operating at 5G sub-6 GHz [60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Sarkar et al [60] suggested a four-element MIMO structure consisting of inverted L-shaped monopole antennas, as shown in Figure 14.…”

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the impact of the user's hand on the antenna performance and SAR analysis is also carried out. Another MIMO antenna system composed of four dielectric-loaded horn antennas is reported in [65] for vehicle-to-everything communication at 5G sub-6 GHz frequencies. Likewise, the study in [66] reported a four-element MIMO antenna system for 5G devices with the orthogonal placement of antennas.…”

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antennas for 5G and 6G Communications

Naqvi¹,

Hussain²

2022

5G and 6G Enhanced Broadband Communications [Working Title]

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An antenna is of substantial importance for a communication system as the design of an air interface is mainly reliant on the antenna design. With the significant wireless evolution from 1G to 6G, technologies and network capacities are also evolving to fulfill the promptly growing customer demands. These continually increasing demands have gone concurrently with extensive technological accomplishments of the antenna design community. This chapter discusses the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) fifth-generation (5G) antennas, including antenna arrays, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, beam-steering techniques, metasurfaces, and other techniques to achieve the current and impending fast connectivity. Moreover, the design specifications, research directions, various technologies expected to be involved, and challenges in the design, fabrication, and measurement of the sixth-generation (6G) antennas at the THz band have also been presented. In addition, antenna-in-package (AiP) and antenna-on-chip (AoC) technologies with proper technology solutions have also been discussed.

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Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennas for 5G and 6G Communications

Naqvi¹,

Hussain²

2022

5G and 6G Enhanced Broadband Communications [Working Title]

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“…The channel capacity loss is an indicator for understanding the change in capacity due to the MIMO environment. The CCL for the MIMO antenna can be calculated by the equation reported in Equation (7), provided in [26,27].…”

Section: Channel Capacity Loss (Ccl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This forces the researcher towards the exploration of the mmWave spectrum, which has the advantages of wider bandwidth capable of providing higher data rates in comparison to sub 6 GHz bands [3,4]. The electromagnetic (EM) waves radiating at the mmWave spectrum may face various issues, including multipath fading and atmospheric absorption losses [5][6][7]. To deal with these wireless network limitations, the researcher in [8][9][10], suggested MIMO and antenna arrays to be one of the solutions which can overcome the limitations faced by mmWave band spectrums.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

et al. 2021

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The reported work demonstrates the design and realization of an integrated mid-band (sub-6 GHz) and mmWave multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G handheld devices. The proposed prototype consists of the two-port MIMO configuration of the mid-band antenna placed at the top and bottom of the substrate, while the 4-port mmWave MIMO antenna is placed sideways. The MIMO configuration at the top and bottom consists of a two-element array to achieve high gain at the mid-band spectrum, while the antennas placed sideways are optimized to cover the 5G-mmWave band spectrum. The overall dimensions of the board were selected the same as the of smartphones, i.e., 151 mm × 72 mm. The mid-band antenna has an operational bandwidth of 2.73 GHz, whereas the mmWave antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.85 GHz with a peak gain of 5.29 and 8.57 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the design is analyzed for the various MIMO performance parameters; it was found that the proposed antennas offer high performance in terms of envelop correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG) and channel capacity loss (CCL) within operational range. A fabricated prototype was tested and measured results show strong agreement with predicted results. Moreover, the proposed work is compared with state-of-the-art work for the same applications to demonstrate its potential for targeted application.

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“…The International Telecommunication Union and Federal Communication Commission (FCC) propose the mm-wave band with a minimum of 500 MHz bandwidth for 5G applications, prompting researchers to explore the mm-wave spectrum for its wider bandwidth and potential for higher data rates than sub-6 GHz bands [5]- [7]. However, electromagnetic waves in the mm-wave spectrum encounter challenges like multipath fading and atmospheric absorption losses [8]. Researchers propose multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) and antenna arrays as solutions to overcome these limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Band MIMO Prototype in the Sub-6 GHz Integrated With mm-Wave Arrays: Ensuring Beamforming and Safety Measures

Kazmi,

Zada,

Islam

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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In response to the increasing demands for 4G LTE and 5G smartphone applications, this study presents a compact and integrated prototype designed to cover sub-6 GHz and 5G mmwave bands with high-frequency ratios. The proposed integrated design incorporates two multipleinput-multiple-output (MIMO) configurations: a 2 × 2 dual-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) MIMO for sub-6 GHz and an array of eight elements for mm-wave. Proximity placement (2.5 mm separation) of mm-wave elements on smartphone RIM achieves compact array size with optimal beamforming, coverage, and interference prevention. Utilizing a meandered patch and truncated ground, the proposed PIFA achieves a size of 37 mm × 7 mm × 0.508 mm with a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. Effective operation is demonstrated in sub-6 GHz bands (5G at 3.8 GHz, LTE band-46 at 5.4 GHz), complying with safety standards (specific absorption rate and power density) set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Efficient performance extends to the 5G mm-wave band at 28 GHz, making it a promising choice for modern smartphone applications.

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A 2 × 1 array‐based wideband mm‐wave antenna integrated with a 2‐element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna for 5G mobile terminals

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Antennas for 5G and 6G Communications

Antennas for 5G and 6G Communications

Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

Dual-Band MIMO Prototype in the Sub-6 GHz Integrated With mm-Wave Arrays: Ensuring Beamforming and Safety Measures

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