A 15-year follow-up study on schistosomiasis in a low-endemic area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Abstract

Fifteen years after our first investigation, a follow-up study was carried out with the purpose of assessing the evolution of schistosomiasis in the locality of Sabugo, Paracambi, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an area with low prevalence of the disease. The coprological techniques adopted were spontaneous sedimentation and Kato-Katz. Out of the 1356 individuals assessed, 13 (1%) were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. From those, 10 were males, 12 were over 15 years old, and at least 11 had been infected in Sabugo. All patients presented either the intestinal or the hepato-intestinal form of the disease, and 8 (61.5%) harboured light parasitic loads. In 1990, there were 27 (2.7%) infected individuals; less than half harboured light parasitic loads, with the predominance of moderate and heavy forms. Although our results indicate an improvement in the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in Sabugo, transmission of the disease in the locality is still active, especially among young males, and tends to be acquired during leisure activities.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence, and associated risk factors in Brazil

“…The 27 remaining studies were then divided into four distinct subgroups: (1) analysis of prevalence in different stages of implementation of control programs (Burlandy-Soares et al 2003; Vasconcelos et al 2009; Igreja et al 2010; Barbosa et al 2011; Sarvel et al 2011; Melo et al 2014), (2) comparison of the prevalence of S. mansoni using different methods of laboratory diagnosis (Teles et al 2003; Mendes et al 2005; Enk et al 2008; Siqueira et al 2011; Espirito-Santo et al 2014 a , b ), (3) evaluation of the prevalence of S. mansoni and predictors associated with infection (Bina and Prata, 2003; Massara et al 2004; Couto, 2005; Goncalves et al 2005; Gazzinelli et al 2006; Enk et al 2010; Barbosa et al 2013; Gomes et al 2014; Blanton et al 2015) and (4) analysis of the prevalence of S. mansoni among schoolchildren (Rocha et al 2000; Barbosa et al 2006; Brito et al 2006; Guimaraes and Tavares-Neto, 2006; Massara et al 2006; Palmeira et al 2010).…”

“…Three studies were survey-type studies (Burlandy-Soares et al 2003; Barbosa et al 2011; Sarvel et al 2011). Two were prevalence-type studies (Vasconcelos et al 2009; Igreja et al 2010), and one was a cross-sectional study (Melo et al 2014). The Kato-Katz technique was used either alone or combined with other methods for laboratory diagnosis.…”

“…The Kato-Katz technique was used either alone or combined with other methods for laboratory diagnosis. As for the age group, only four publications reported the minimum and maximum age of the population, 0–90 years old (Burlandy-Soares et al 2003; Vasconcelos et al 2009; Igreja et al 2010; Melo et al 2014). Four of the six studies performed statistical analyses (Burlandy-Soares et al 2003; Vasconcelos et al 2009; Barbosa et al 2011; Sarvel et al 2011).…”

Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Brazil

“…The results showed 1.0%, of positivity. The authors concluded that over the years, it remained as a low prevalence area (Igreja et al 2010). Other areas in the Rio de Janeiro State, also presented low infection levels reached and maintained by Nectomys squamipes rodents (Soares et al 1995).…”

Attempts to Achieve Millennium Development Goals in a Rural Area of Rio de Janeiro: Deworming and Control of Schistosomiasis

“…3 There are still around 2.5 million to 6.3 million individuals harboring schistosomes in Brazil. 4 In the state of Rio de Janeiro, some areas present low endemicity or isolated foci of Schistosoma mansoni.…”