A 118-mW Pulse-Based Radar SoC in 55-nm CMOS for Non-Contact Human Vital Signs Detection

Andersen, Nikolaj; Granhaug, Kristian; Michaelsen, Jørgen Andreas; Bagga, S.; Hjortland, Håkon A.; Knutsen, Mats Risopatron; Lande, Tor Sverre; Wisland, Dag T.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2764051

Cited by 82 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There are two main methods for increasing the accuracy of vital-sign detection from the increase of the human body's transmittance: the use of a low operating frequency and the increase of transmitted power [11]. The impulse radar sensor corresponds to the latter method because it transmits high output power at a certain time, even though output power in the frequency band is kept low [12,13]. Because output power from a radar sensor generally ranges from −10 dBm to 10 dBm, which is lower than the harmful level of EM waves to the human body, output power may be further increased to obtain the high transmittance of the body [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs

et al. 2019

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A miniaturized continuous-wave Doppler radar sensor operating at 915 MHz to remotely detect both respiration and heart rate (beats per minute) is presented. The proposed radar sensor comprises a front-end module including an implemented complementary metal-oxide semiconductor low-noise amplifier (LNA) and fractal-slot patch antennas, whose area was reduced by 15.2%. The two-stage inverter-based LNA was designed with an interstage capacitor and a feedback resistor to acquire ultrawide bandwidth. Two operating frequencies, 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz, were analyzed with regard to path loss for efficient operation because frequency affects detection sensitivity, reflected signal power from the human body, and measurement distance in a far-field condition. Path-loss calculation based on the simplified layer model indicates that the reflected power of the 915 MHz radar could be higher than that of the 2.45 GHz radar. The implemented radar front-end module excluding the LNA occupies 35 × 55 mm2. Vital signs were obtained via a fast Fourier transform and digital filtering using raw signals. In an experiment with six subjects, the respiration and heart rate obtained at 0.8 m using the proposed radar sensor exhibited mean accuracies of 99.4% and 97.6% with respect to commercialized reference sensors, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, the recovered pulse is observed in an "expanded time" scale. Time-expansion radars that utilize repetitive reception have been demonstrated [7][8][9]. The principle of the operation is presented in [10]-the Appendix The IR radar detects its range based upon the time relation between transmit (TX) and receive clock (RX) clocks (CLKs).…”

Section: Time-expansion Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SoC radars are beneficial for the TTWRs thanks to its smaller form-factor, reconfigurability. Prior arts on the single chip radar transceivers that integrate the wideband front-end have been reported [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Infrared (IR) radars have focused on achieving a high-range resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An impulse radio (IR) radar SoC for through‐the‐wall human‐detection applications

2020

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More than 42 000 fires occur nationwide and cause over 2500 casualties every year. There is a lack of specialized equipment, and rescue operations are conducted with a minimal number of apparatuses. Through‐the‐wall radars (TTWRs) can improve the rescue efficiency, particularly under limited visibility due to smoke, walls, and collapsed debris. To overcome detection challenges and maintain a small‐form factor, a TTWR system‐on‐chip (SoC) and its architecture have been proposed. Additive reception based on coherent clocks and reconfigurability can fulfill the TTWR demands. A clock‐based single‐chip infrared radar transceiver with embedded control logic is implemented using a 130‐nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor. Clock signals drive the radar operation. Signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancements are achieved using the repetitive coherent clock schemes. The hand‐held prototype radar that uses the TTWR SoC operates in real time, allowing seamless data capture, processing, and display of the target information. The prototype is tested under various pseudo‐disaster conditions. The test standards and methods, developed along with the system, are also presented.

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“…Similarly, the hair covering the body surface also causes intricacies in the camera or video-based approaches, thus, limiting their application to animals [22][23][24]. Recently, radar, as one of the non-contact vital signs monitoring methods, has received extensive interest and been applied in a variety of scenarios [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In [31,32], a 60-GHz radar was used for the measurement of the cardiorespiratory movement of a laboratory rat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring of Dog and Cat Using a UWB Radar

Wang

Liang

et al. 2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: In this paper, we presented a new non-contact method to measure the vital signs of at-rest pets, where the ultra-wideband radar was applied for previously unachievable sensing ability and testing convenience. The proposed scheme did not interfere with the daily rhythm of the pet being tested; most subjects would not even notice the ongoing real-time monitoring due to the larger measurement coverage of the radar sensor. Through this work, we provided an innovative tool to promote not only the measurement of pet vital signs but also the improvement of animal welfare to prevent invasive, dangerous, and unacceptable contact measurement techniques, such as anesthesia, hair removal, and surgical implants. In addition, the proposed method could realize the daily vital signs measurement and sleep monitoring of dogs and cats, which is important for the diagnosis and timely treatment of pet diseases.Abstract: As pets are considered members of the family, their health has received widespread attention. Since pets cannot talk and complain when they feel uncomfortable, monitoring vital signs becomes very helpful in disease detection, as well as observing their progression and response to treatment. In this study, we proposed an ultra-wideband radar-based, non-contact animal vital sign monitoring scheme that could monitor the breathing and heart rate of a pet in real-time. The primary advantage of the ultra-wideband radar was its ability to operate remotely without electrodes or wires and through any clothing or fur. Because of the existing noise and clutter in non-contact detection, background noise removal was applied. Furthermore, the respiration rate was directly obtained through spectrum analysis, while the heartbeat signal was extracted by the variational mode decomposition algorithm. By using electrocardiogram measurements, we verified the accuracy of the radar technology in detecting the anesthetized animals' respiratory rate and heart rate. Besides, three beagles and five cats in a non-sedated state were measured by radar and contact pressure sensors simultaneously; the experimental results showed that radar could effectively measure the respiration of cats and dogs, and the accuracy rate was over 95%. Due to its excellent performance, the proposed method has the potential to become a new choice in application scenarios, such as pet sleep monitoring and health assessment.

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A 118-mW Pulse-Based Radar SoC in 55-nm CMOS for Non-Contact Human Vital Signs Detection

Cited by 82 publications

References 21 publications

915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs

915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs

An impulse radio (IR) radar SoC for through‐the‐wall human‐detection applications

Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring of Dog and Cat Using a UWB Radar

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