A ±10ppm −40 to 125°C BAW-based frequency reference system for crystal-less wireless sensor nodes

Roine, Per Torstein; Kallerud, Torjus; Goodlin, Brian; Hughes, Zachary; Yen, Ernest Ting-Ta

doi:10.1109/iscas.2017.8050282

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The XO and MEMS oscillators show quite high stability or a few tens of ppm stability. However, they need off‐chip components, and it is difficult to compare our proposed circuit with those oscillators.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Area‐Efficient Resistor‐less On‐Chip Frequency Reference for Ultra‐Low Power Real‐Time Clock Application

Asano

Hirose

Ozaki

et al. 2018

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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In this paper, we propose a fully integrated and area‐efficient resistor‐less relaxation oscillator (ROSC) for ultra‐low power real‐time clock (RTC) applications. The proposed ROSC is based on a conventional current‐mode ROSC and is modified to be an area‐efficient circuit configuration without using resistors. The proposed ROSC consists of a temperature‐compensated bias current generator (BCG), proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage source, current‐mode ROSC, shunt regulator, and output logic circuit. The BCG, PTAT voltage source, and shunt regulator are used to compensate for the temperature characteristics of the ROSC. The area of our proposed ROSC was extremely small, 0.022 mm2. Simulated results demonstrated that our proposed ROSC generates a 32.5 kHz clock frequency and achieves ultra‐low power dissipation of 271 nW. The temperature and voltage dependence of the oscillation frequency were 138 ppm/°C and 13.9 ppm/mV, respectively. Monte Carlo statistical simulations showed that the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation are 32.3, 0.6 kHz, and 1.9%, respectively. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Area‐Efficient Resistor‐less On‐Chip Frequency Reference for Ultra‐Low Power Real‐Time Clock Application

Asano

Hirose

Ozaki

et al. 2018

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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“…Griffith et al [31] use a BAW-based 2.52 GHz oscillator. This oscillator has a stability of ±10 ppm over a 165 • C temperature range.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Channel Calibration on a Crystal-Free Mote-on-a-Chip

et al. 2019

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The single chip integration of a wireless sensor node would allow for cheap, low-power, dust-size devices. The key to realizing this vision is to eliminate bulky off-chip frequency references such as crystal oscillators or resonators, and their associated power-hungry circuitry. The immediate challenge of removing off-chip references is that there is no accurate on-chip frequency references, which makes it hard to tune the radio to the right frequency, and to keep an accurate sense of time. This article offers a full solution for crystal-free devices, which includes (1) initiating communication in an IEEE802.15.4 network, (2) synthesizing the 16 communication channels at startup temperature, and (3) continuously applying corrections to the inaccurate timing source to allow keeping frequency synchronization on all communication channels over a 5-55 • C temperature range. The proposed methods are accompanied by simulations and an experimental validation on the first fully-functional Single Chip Micro Mote hardware implementation. Our simulations and experimental results validate that the proposed approach achieves radio clock synchronization accuracy close to the 40 ppm limit imposed by the IEEE802.15.4 standard.

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“…In [19], a crystal-less all-digital FLL is integrated in IoT sensor SoCs. In [20], a frequency reference system for crystal-less wireless sensor nodes is implemented. In [21], an analog crystal-less programmable clock generator is proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Perspective of Flexible Clocking Ideology for Driving and Devising Circuits in Emerging Resource-Constrained Applications

Wei

Xiu

2022

IEEE Access

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Clock is the most important signal in electronic system. In current practice, the dominant clocking style is the fixed-frequency approach. For a given application, the clock signal is only required to work at a few selected frequencies. Moreover, in the process of performing a task, it must not change its frequency. This style has worked well in the past. However, it is preventing information processing efficiency from being raised to next level. Worse yet, the emergence of resource-constrained applications, such as edge computing and IoT, can render this approach unserviceable. In this paper, a new perspective of flexible clocking ideology is advocated. It promotes the use of a clock generator, TAF-DPS, that possesses features of "arbitrary frequency generation" and "instantaneous frequency switching". Owing to its superior capability in synthesizing waveform, TAF-DPS can handle many signal processing problems in a more elegant manner and serve some special purposes more efficiently. Further, it can be used for generating data for security purposes. TAF-DPS is especially applicable for environments with large frequency instability, which is a major problem in resource-constrained applications. The contribution of this paper is the advocacy of a new perspective of flexible clocking. This ideology is gradually developed in this paper as the argument is carried out through examples of novel architectures enabled by TAF-DPS. The perspective naturally emerges from the collective effect of those novel architectures. The large number of emerging applications, exemplified by edge computing and IoT, inspire system-level innovations that inevitably present new challenges to circuitlevel. Those challenges are so demanding that they require overhaul in our circuit design philosophy. This new perspective is such an overhaul in fundamental level. Its aim is to answer the challenges, for better serving the emerging demands in higher levels.

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A ±10ppm −40 to 125°C BAW-based frequency reference system for crystal-less wireless sensor nodes

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

An Area‐Efficient Resistor‐less On‐Chip Frequency Reference for Ultra‐Low Power Real‐Time Clock Application

An Area‐Efficient Resistor‐less On‐Chip Frequency Reference for Ultra‐Low Power Real‐Time Clock Application

Dynamic Channel Calibration on a Crystal-Free Mote-on-a-Chip

A New Perspective of Flexible Clocking Ideology for Driving and Devising Circuits in Emerging Resource-Constrained Applications

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