A 1.9 GHz wide-band IF double conversion CMOS integrated receiver for cordless telephone applications

Wireless Receiver Architectures Towards 5G: Where Are We?

“…In an attempt to achieve higher levels of integration, flexibility and performance, the wide-band IF double conversion receiver, often indicated simply as wideband-IF receiver, was introduced [2], [7], [9], [24], [25]. In this approach, like the conventional superheterodyne receiver, the frequency translation is distributed over multiple steps.…”

“…DC-offset is perhaps the worst problem in zero-IF receivers [1]- [7], [9], [10], [24]- [26], desensitizing the receiver by saturating the circuits. Due to finite isolation, the LO signal can leak to the other mixer input, or even the LNA input or through the antenna [1], [5], [7], [9]- [12], [25], mixing with itself and resulting in a DC component. The leakage to the antenna also creates an in-band interferer, since (part of) the power is radiated [1], [3], [7], [10], [12].…”

“…In the 1990s and the early 2000s, the superheterodyne receiver was the most commonly used architecture for mobile communications [3], [4], [7], [25], [35], the direct conversion topology being limited to e.g. pager receivers [5].…”

Dual-Band Adjustable and Reactive I/Q Generator With Constant Resistance for Down- and Up-Converters

“…The quadrature mechanism is widely used in the system architecture, for instance, sub-harmonic mixers [3], in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) down-converters, single-sideband (SSB) up-converters [4], and Weaver and Hartley transceivers [5]. There had been five types of quadrature generators.…”

Double modulation scheme for switching mixers controlled by sigma-delta modulators

“…Many new obstacles have to be solved to obtain a single solution IC, which leads to new front-end architectures [1], [2], [3], [4]. This paper deals with a modulation scheme, the double modulation scheme, that utilizes that clocked mixers such as the switching mixer and the subsampling mixer can be modified slightly to provide an extra modulation controlled by a 1 bit Sigma Delta modulated signal.…”