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Abstract

This work presents a method for purification of lysostaphin, a glycylglycine endopeptidase, from the culture liquid of S. simulans biovar staphylolyticus to homogeneity in a few steps. The method includes ultrafiltration and ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatographies. The enzyme was isolated in preparative amounts with the yield of 51%. Some physical and chemical properties of the enzyme are described.

Trade in the Golden Horde Volga Region

“…Sable and ermine skins were imported to India from the Golden Horde and were mostly bought by Bulgar merchants from the peoples of the North or received from the Russian territory. Some finds of golden coins of Delhi sultans, found in the Volga basin, are well known for research community (Fyodorov-Davydov, 2003). The majority of the Indian coins from the Golden Horde lands were found in the Volga Region.…”

“…The majority of the Indian coins from the Golden Horde lands were found in the Volga Region. Along with the golden coins the raw ivory (found in the materials of Selitrennoe site) was brought from India; from the Indian ocean shore they brought cowries and corals; at Tsarevskoe site was found open-work bone plate that was decorated by the pictures of an elephant and monkey, the researchers propose its Indian origin (Fyodorov-Davydov, 2001). …”

“…By-turn pottery from the Volga region can be found in Khorezm and Usturt (Fyodorov-Davydov, 2001;Kdyrniyazov, 1978;Poluboyarinova, 2004;Volkov, 1992). The coins from Khorezm were involved in money circulation of the Volga region cities of the Golden Horde and the silks from Khorezm were delivered to the Volga region and then further to the West.…”

“…The fragments of Chinese porcelain and even Korean celadon of XIV century have been found at Selitrennoe site (Fyodorov-Davydov, 2001;Fyodorov-Davydov & Bulatov, 1989;Poluboyarinova, 1991;2003a;2003b;. Sturgeon, caviar, furs and salt were exported from the Volga region to the Black Sea and further to the Mediterranean Sea area and Italy (Emanov, 1995;Pegolotti, 1936).…”

“…Sturgeon, caviar, furs and salt were exported from the Volga region to the Black Sea and further to the Mediterranean Sea area and Italy (Emanov, 1995;Pegolotti, 1936). The Volga region ceramics of different kinds such as kashi, red-clay glazed ceramics, unglazed and stamped pottery was brought to Azak, Crimea, Northern Black Sea region and Balkans (Fyodorov-Davydov, 2001;Volkov, 1992). Venetian and Genoese merchants traded in the second half of XIII -XIV century in the Low Volga region and further to the east up to India and China (Emanov, 1995;Fyodorov-Davydov, 2001;Karpov, 2000).…”