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Orignac, Xavier

doi:10.1023/a:1026497826255

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…If equation ( 19) is written directly as a 3d generalization of the KPZ equation, i.e. imposing the conditions that the crack velocity is contained in the plane defined by the force and the x-axis is parallel to the line (see figure 5), the term λ x does not appear [46]. In this case, the numerical estimates of Ertaş and Kardar [30,31] lead to…”

Section: Act Iii-models Of Lines Moving In Random Environments: Deus ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling properties of cracks

Bouchaud

1997

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

447

374

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Section: Act Iii-models Of Lines Moving In Random Environments: Deus ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling properties of cracks

Bouchaud

1997

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

447

374

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“…Similar voids have previously been observed in sol-gel layers for a similar reason. [ 23 ] X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies did not show any characteristic peaks that could be assigned to any crystalline or polycrystalline structure of V 2 O 5 . In agreement with previous reports, [ 24 ] we can therefore assume that our sol-gel V 2 O 5 layers are amorphous.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Processed Vanadium Pentoxide as Charge Extraction Layer for Organic Solar Cells

Zilberberg

Trost

Schmidt

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

246

234

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on polymers and small molecules have seen a tremendous increase in interest during the past few years. Signifi cant progress in this fi eld seeded the prospect for a cost-effective and easy-to-fabricate photovoltaic technology-typical advantages claimed for organic (opto-)electronic devices. Very recently, certifi ed cell effi ciencies in excess of 7% have been reported for polymer based cells. [ 1 ] For large-scale and high-throughput production of OSCs, liquid processing of the functional layers is desirable. Aside from the active organic layers, inter-layers are typically required to facilitate the extraction of the photo-generated charges. Specifi cally, on the anode side, polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is regularly used. [ 2 ] However, PEDOT:PSS is burdened with structural and electrical inhomogeneity [ 3,4 ] and has been demonstrated to be an origin of limited device lifetime. [ 5 ] Particularly, the aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion and the acidic nature can cause substantial degradation. [6,7 ] Very recently, transition metal-oxides (TMOs) such as molybdenum-, vanadium-, or tungsten-oxide (MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , and WO 3 ) with high work functions (WFs) of up to 6.9 eV have been shown to be promising alternatives to PEDOT:PSS. [8][9][10][11] TMOs have also been used as constituents of the connecting architecture in stacked organic light-emitting diodes and organic tandem solar cells. [12][13][14][15] The unique energetics of these TMOs has so far been predominantly accessible for fi lms thermally evaporated in high-vacuum.The fi rst results for TMO layers obtained by solution processing from nano-particle (NP) dispersions have been reported only very recently. [ 16,17 ] Meyer et al. prepared MoO 3 layers by dispersing MoO 3 NPs using a polymer as dispersing agent. After deposition, the layers had to be treated by an oxygen plasma to remove the polymer. A high WF of the resulting layers of 5.7-6 eV was obtained. A substantial drawback of the approach, however, is the observation of larger NP aggregates with a size of 100 nm and an overall high roughness of 25 nm (rms). Owing to their roughness these NP-layers are critical sources of shorts, especially over a large device area.In contrast, TMO layers (WO 3 , V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 ) have been prepared by sol-gel deposition, predominantly for electrochromic, catalytic and sensing applications. [18][19][20][21] Post processing of the sol-gel TMO layers at high temperatures (300 ° C-600 ° C) is routinely applied in order to achieve specifi c microstructures or crystalline phases in the materials, as required by the particular application. These high processing temperatures are not compatible with the temperature-sensitive substrates (e.g. poly mer foils) envisaged for low-cost, high-throughput fabrication of organic solar cells. In spite of this limitation, Steirer et al. have very recently used NiO prepared via a sol-gel route as a replacement for PEDOT:PSS in an organic solar cell. [ 22 ] The requirement of pos...

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“…37,38 The presence of nanoscopic voids appearing in between nanoclusters due to rapid solvent evaporation could be a reason for the higher R rms of PVP-AILs. 39 PVP has a well-known influence on synthesized metal oxide morphologies. 40 The hydrophobic vinyl groups and hydrophilic carbonyl groups present in PVP can induce shape effects by forming polarized micelles in precursor solutions, leading to the formation of metal oxide nanoclusters.…”

Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-modified metal oxide anode interlayers for stable organic solar cells

et al. 2020

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A new generation of anode interlayers (AILs) has been introduced in recent years for improving the efficiency and stability of organic solar cell (OSC) devices. Electrode interlayer modification is a simple and effective way of enhancing OSC device performance. We used poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as an AIL modifier to alter molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) and vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5) AILs in OSC devices and compared them with pure metal oxide AILs. Using this modification, average power conversion efficiencies were raised from 5.2% AE 0.4% to 6.0% AE 0.3% for OSCs with MoO 3-based AILs, and from 6.2% AE 0.1% to 6.8% AE 0.3% for OSCs with V 2 O 5-based AILs. Moreover, the PVP-metal oxide AILs also improved the overall device quality, producing a nanotextured morphology with good optical properties and favorable chemical composition. Beneficial wetting properties for interfacial adhesion between anode and active layer are observed using contact angle measurements. Overall, devices with PVP-modified metal oxide AILs showed promising results with greater device stability compared to pure metal oxide AIL-based OSC devices.

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Cited by 5 publications

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Scaling properties of cracks

Scaling properties of cracks

Solution Processed Vanadium Pentoxide as Charge Extraction Layer for Organic Solar Cells

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-modified metal oxide anode interlayers for stable organic solar cells

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