“…10, 11 Among the numerous neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF) is frequently used in bone defect therapies. 12, 13, 14 NGF exists in many animals and can be extracted from submaxillary salivary glands, bovine seminal plasma, snake venom and so on 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Among these sources, snake venom-derived NGF exhibits better bioactivity and stability than the venom from other sources. 15, 16, 17 NGF stimulates bone formation around the induced regenerating axons and improves bone fracture healing.…”