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High efficiency planar Si/organic heterojunction hybrid solar cells

“…This has motivated extensive research on developing more cost-effective Si nanostructure hybrid solar cells incorporating liquid electrolyte 1,2 or organic semiconductors, 3-7 which benefit from their low temperature and solution based process capability. Until now, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of $10% has been obtained from hybrid cells based on Si/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) 6 or Si/2,2 0 ,7,7 0 -Tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9 0spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) 4,7 heterojunction. Recently, a transparent p-type polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), has been incorporated with Si nanowires (SiNWs) to fabricated hybrid cells, 3,8,9 and we have reported the highest PCE of 9%.…”

Tuning the phase separation in La 0.325 Pr 0.3 Ca 0.375 MnO 3 using the electric double-layer field effect

“…6(a), we show the ln R versus 1/T curves for V G = −3 V, 0 V, and +3 V. The star marks represent the f COI obtained by comparing our results with those reported in Ref. [28]. The difference between the curves represents the change in the fraction of the COI phase.…”

“…In La 0.8 Ca 0.2 MnO 3 (LCMO) films, Dhoot et al have shown that the Mott metalinsulator transition could be induced; that is, the low temperature ferromagnetic metallic state was changed to the insulating state. [27] In another work on Ce 1−x Ca x MnO 3 (CCMO) films, [28] Xiang et al also observed the Mott metal-insulator transition when they reduced the insulating film into a metallic one and an extremely high electroresistance (120000%) was obtained. However, despite those works, more studies are needed.…”

“…[27] Much less resistance modulation appeared in tensile strained films than that in compressive strained films. [28] It was also shown that the resistance change in both LCMO and CCMO films did not recover to the initial value when the electric field was totally removed. [27,28] Moreover, the phase separation is considered to play a crucial role in this electric field modulation of manganites.…”

“…[28] It was also shown that the resistance change in both LCMO and CCMO films did not recover to the initial value when the electric field was totally removed. [27,28] Moreover, the phase separation is considered to play a crucial role in this electric field modulation of manganites. A further analysis is needed to provide more detail about how the electric field affects these coexisted phases.…”