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Szunics, L.; Vida, Gyula; Bedö, Z.; Švec, Miroslav

doi:10.1023/a:1017588816724

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…tritici ( Bgt ) , is one of the several fungal diseases seriously affecting wheat production [2]. This pathogen has a complex population structure, diverse physiological isolates, and extremely fast mutation rates [3]. The introduction of resistant cultivars increases selection pressure on pathogen populations, thus accelerating the emergence of new predominant pathogenic types and inducing the rapid accumulation of potential isolates, which results in the loss of resistance in cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China

Wang

et al. 2019

BMC Evol Biol

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Background Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew severely affects yield security wheat production in China. Understanding the virulence structure and genetic variations of this pathogen is important for breeding wheat lines resistant to wheat powdery mildew. However, information related to genes controlling resistance remains elusive. This study analyzes the virulence structure and the genetic diversity of pathogenic Bgt populations isolated from northeastern (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and northwestern (Gansu) China, two representative wheat producing areas, on 37 wheat cultivars each carrying a known powdery mildew resistance (Pm) gene. Results Bgt isolates from northeastern China show higher frequencies of virulence genes than populations from Gansu Province. Many of the known Pm genes failed to provide resistance in this study. However, Pm21 provided 100% resistance to all isolates from all three provinces, obtained during two consecutive years, while Pm13 provided 100% resistance in Gansu. Pm13, Pm16, Pm18, and Pm22 also showed partial resistance in northeastern China, while Pm16, Pm18, Pm22, Pm5 + 6 and Pm2 + 6 +? maintained some resistance in Gansu. Genetic diversity among populations in different regions was detected by cluster analyses using expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR). When the genetic similarity coefficient is relatively high, populations from the same regional origin are mostly clustered into one group while populations from different regions exhibit large genetic differences. Conclusion Pm21 remains the best choice for breeding programs to maintain resistance to Bgt. Only 58% of the isolates tested show a clear correlation between EST-SSR genetic polymorphisms and frequency of virulence gene data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China

Wang

et al. 2019

BMC Evol Biol

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“…This readily detectable marker will also enable breeders to remove genes that are no longer effective from their breeding lines. If they stop using the Pm3g resistance allele, the frequency of the matching virulence gene could decline, as mildew races are often short-lived (Szunics et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a microsatellite marker associated with Pm3 resistance alleles to powdery mildew in wheat

Bougot¹,

Lemoine²,

Pavoine³

et al. 2002

Plant Breeding

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The Pm3 resistance locus, located on chromosome 1A in wheat, confers race-specific resistance to the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of powdery mildew. Several Pm3 alleles are still effective in controlling the disease in Europe. A genetic map was constructed to map the Pm3g allele in the recombinant inbred line progeny from the cross ÔRE9001Õ (susceptible) · ÔCourtotÕ (resistant). Two microsatellite markers were closely mapped to Pm3g. The PSP2999 marker, which cosegregates with this allele, was shown to detect the presence of the Pm3g resistance allele in other cultivars. A collection of 56 wheat cultivars or advanced lines carrying one Pm3 allele was used to assess the allelespecific amplification of the PSP2999 marker. The same amplification pattern was obtained for lines with Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3e, Pm3f and Pm3g alleles. Twenty genotypes carrying Pm3d showed a specific amplification pattern. This marker allowed the detection of the Pm3d allele in highly resistant lines whose resistance gene combinations were unknown. It was concluded that PSP2999 is a useful marker to detect Pm3 alleles in parents and to manage them in breeding programmes.

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“…tritici genome has consistently posed a formidable challenge [24]. Its rapid mutation rates, intricate population structure, and varied physiological specialization contribute to the complexity of genome sequencing endeavors [25]. Prior to our study, no documented genome sequences of wheat powdery mildew were published from India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Genomic Landscape and Virulence Mechanisms of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1: Insights from Integrated Genome Assembly and Conidial Transcriptomics

Nallathambi,

Umamaheswari,

Reddy

et al. 2024

JoF

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A high-quality genome sequence from an Indian isolate of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1, a persistent threat in wheat farming, was obtained using a hybrid method. The assembly of over 9.24 million DNA-sequence reads resulted in 93 contigs, totaling a 140.61 Mb genome size, potentially encoding 8480 genes. Notably, more than 73.80% of the genome, spanning approximately 102.14 Mb, comprises retro-elements, LTR elements, and P elements, influencing evolution and adaptation significantly. The phylogenomic analysis placed B. graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1 in a distinct monocot-infecting clade. A total of 583 tRNA anticodon sequences were identified from the whole genome of the native virulent strain B. graminis f. sp. tritici, which comprises distinct genome features with high counts of tRNA anticodons for leucine (70), cysteine (61), alanine (58), and arginine (45), with only two stop codons (Opal and Ochre) present and the absence of the Amber stop codon. Comparative InterProScan analysis unveiled “shared and unique” proteins in B. graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1. Identified were 7707 protein-encoding genes, annotated to different categories such as 805 effectors, 156 CAZymes, 6102 orthologous proteins, and 3180 distinct protein families (PFAMs). Among the effectors, genes like Avra10, Avrk1, Bcg-7, BEC1005, CSEP0105, CSEP0162, BEC1016, BEC1040, and HopI1 closely linked to pathogenesis and virulence were recognized. Transcriptome analysis highlighted abundant proteins associated with RNA processing and modification, post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, and signal transduction. Examining the Environmental Information Processing Pathways in B. graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1 revealed 393 genes across 33 signal transduction pathways. The key pathways included yeast MAPK signaling (53 genes), mTOR signaling (38 genes), PI3K-Akt signaling (23 genes), and AMPK signaling (21 genes). Additionally, pathways like FoxO, Phosphatidylinositol, the two-component system, and Ras signaling showed significant gene representation, each with 15–16 genes, key SNPs, and Indels in specific chromosomes highlighting their relevance to environmental responses and pathotype evolution. The SNP and InDel analysis resulted in about 3.56 million variants, including 3.45 million SNPs, 5050 insertions, and 5651 deletions within the whole genome of B. graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1. These comprehensive genome and transcriptome datasets serve as crucial resources for understanding the pathogenicity, virulence effectors, retro-elements, and evolutionary origins of B. graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1, aiding in developing robust strategies for the effective management of wheat powdery mildew.

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Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China

Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China

Identification of a microsatellite marker associated with Pm3 resistance alleles to powdery mildew in wheat

Deciphering the Genomic Landscape and Virulence Mechanisms of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Wtn1: Insights from Integrated Genome Assembly and Conidial Transcriptomics

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