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Abstract

In a study of polymorphism and stability in rye chromosomes, three rye varieties and the sets of wheat-rye addition and substitution lines were compared using two non-homologous highly repetitive DNA families, pSc200 and pSc250. The rye varieties, Petkus, Imperial and Onohoiskaya, showed polymorphism for the presence and the size of the pSc200 in-situ hybridization signals on chromosome pairs, 2R, 4R and 7R, and the pSc250 signals on chromosomes, 5R, 6R and 7R. Chromosome 1R was heteromorphic within the Onohoiskaya variety. Differences in the distribution of chromosome polymorphisms imply that intervarietal changes to these highly repetitive DNA families occurred independently, despite their juxtaposition or even overlapping locations in subtelomeric heterochromatic regions. In the set of Saratovskaya 29 wheat/Onohoiskaya substitution lines, only chromosome 2R was altered relative to its counterpart in the parental rye variety due to amplification of the pSc250 signal on the long arm, although this did not exceed intervarietal polymorphism. In the set of Chinese Spring wheat/Imperial addition lines, only two Imperial chromosomes, 4R and 6R, were unchanged. We detected the loss of one or both rye homologous chromosomes, the loss of one arm, and the deletion of subtelomeric heterochromatin accompanied by the loss of the pSc200 signal. The results show that Saratovskaya 29/Onohoiskaya chromosome substitution lines possess increased chromosome stability compared with Chinese Spring/Imperial addition lines.

Production and cytomolecular identification of new wheat-perennial rye (Secale cereanum) disomic addition lines with yellow rust resistance (6R) and increased arabinoxylan and protein content (1R, 4R, 6R)

“…Rye, as an open-pollinated crop, has significant genetic diversity which can be expressed in the patterns of repetitive DNA sequences within and among species Jouve 1995, 2002;Alkhimova et al 1999), and even among cultivars (Szakács and Molnár-Láng 2008). Recent characterization of 360 repetitive elements in six species of the genus Secale implies that repetitive DNA sequences have played important roles in the course of chromosome evolution of rye (Tang et al 2011b).…”

The Chinese bread wheat cultivar Xiaoyanmai 7 harbours genes encoding a pair of novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits inherited from cereal rye

“…Similarly, hexaploid derivatives selected from the progeny of a set of octoploid (ABDR) triticales tend to carry the full A and B genome complement, along with chromosome 2D and chromosomes 1R and 3R-7R (Dou et al 2006). Structural alterations to chromosomes are not an uncommon occurrence when plants are in the aneuploid state (Lapitan et al 1984;Alkhimova et al 1999;Fu et al 2013;Li et al 2015). The present analysis revealed an unusual FISH profile for both chromosomes 1A and 4A in Xiaoyanmai 7, consistent with their having suffered a reciprocal translocation involving the two long arms.…”

Development and identification of a wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica addition line carrying HMW-GS, LMW-GS and gliadin genes

“…The x-gliadins and most of the c-gliadins are controlled by genes on the short arms of the group 1 chromosomes and are tightly linked to the genes controlling LMW-GSs, and the a-gliadins and most of the b-gliadins are controlled by genes on the short arms of the group 6 chromosomes (Payne et al 1984). The high and low molecular secalin subunits are located at Glu-R1 and Glu-R3 loci in rye, respectively (Alkhimova et al 1999;Amiour et al 2002). In Hordeum chilense Roem.…”

“…So far, few of those protein genes have been introduced into common wheat by wide crosses. The wheat-rye addition, substitution and translocation lines, containing 1R chromosome, had been created long ago and were extensively studied (Alkhimova et al 1999;Driscoll and Sears 1971). The T. aestivum-D. villosum addition and substitution lines, coding for HMW-GS, LMW-GS, and gliadin genes, were developed and studied for improving grain protein quality (Montebove et al 1987;De Pace et al 2001).…”