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Cockell, Charles S.; Stokes, M. Dale

doi:10.1023/a:1005465513592

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 74 publications

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“…Atmospheric perturbations due to dust and aerosols lofted by impacts are some of these effects that have been studied by using global circulation and climate models. The "asteroidal winter" may be a consequence, deriving from a strong injection of dust in the atmosphere [48]. Impacts may also induce chemical changes in the atmosphere, mainly by injection of sulphur into the stratosphere.…”

Section: Frequency Of Asteroid Impacts In Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea

Isvoranu

Badescu

2012

Open Physics

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Abstract:Two-dimensional and one-dimensional models are used to evaluate the seashore effects of the tsunami generated by an asteroid hitting the deep water in the Eastern region of the Black Sea. The shallow water theory has been used to describe tsunami propagation. The distance between the impact point and the nearest coast is about 150 km. The effects on the coastal regions depend on many factors among which the most important is asteroid size. The tsunami generated by a 250 m asteroid reaches the nearest dry land location in 20 minutes and needs about two hours to hit all over the Black Sea coast. The horizontal inundation length is also known as run-in or run-off distance, according to the direction of water movement.The run-up values may be up to 39 m in the Eastern basin and a more than ten times smaller in the Western region. The Northern part of the Black Sea coast is not affected by the tsunami. The run-in values of a tsunami generated by a 1000 m diameter asteroid are sensibly larger than the similar values associated to a 250 m diameter asteroid. The run-in strongly depends on the distance from the impact position to the shore and on coastal topographical profile. For instance, the run-in distance in case of a tsunami generated by a 250 m size asteroid is 0.1 km (at Varna), 0.5 km (Ordu), 0.7 km (Yalta) and 1.4 km (Sochi). In case of the 1000 m diameter asteroid the run-in distance is 0.7 km (at Varna) and 2.9 km (Yalta). The results accuracy is also discussed. PACS

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Section: Frequency Of Asteroid Impacts In Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea

Isvoranu

Badescu

2012

Open Physics

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Dynamics and Coastal Effects of Tsunamis Generated by Asteroids Impacting the Black Sea

Bădescu

Isvoranu²

2010

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) shallow-water models are used to evaluate the seashore effects of the tsunami generated by an asteroid impacting the western regions of the Black Sea about 208 km from the coast. The tsunami's speed and the effects on the coastal regions depend on many factors, among which the most important is asteroid size. The tsunami generated by a 250-m asteroid reaches the nearest land location in 24 min and needs about 2 h to arrive at all Black Sea coast. The run-up value is about 7 m high on the Turkish and Crimean coasts. In the western Black Sea regions the wave height is two or three times smaller. The run-up values strongly depend on bathymetry and topography peculiarities. The run-in value in case of the tsunami generated by a 1,000-m asteroid is up to eight times larger than in case of a 250-m impactor, depending on location. The results reported herein are upper limit values. In case of the 250-m asteroid, the real wave amplitude may be up to two times smaller. The uncertainty factor decreases in case of larger asteroids. Ways of diminishing the social consequences are briefly discussed.

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Risks for poisoning of coastal and inland population due to asteroid impacts in Southern regions of Black Sea

Bădescu

2007

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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The hydrogen sulfide rich waters of the Black Sea pose a potential danger for the surrounding land regions. The impact of an asteroid exceeding tens of meters in size may cause both a tsunami wave and a catastrophic poisonous gas release in the atmosphere. Some effects of this last phenomenon on the Southern Black Sea coastal regions are evaluated in this paper. The initial surface area of the poisonous cloud depends on asteroid size. The initial thickness of the cloud depends, in addition, on sea depth at impact location. The wind speed plays an important role in H 2 S cloud dynamics. At 10 m/s wind speed, the cloud margins reach 185 km from the impact location in about 3 h. The maximum distance traveled by the hydrogen sulfide cloud increases by increasing the asteroid size and wind speed. The influence of the impact position on the distance traveled by hydrogen sulfide clouds is rather weak, as long as the seawater depth does not change significantly. The land surface area covered by the H 2 S cloud generated by a 1,000 m size asteroid ranges between about 6,400 and 12,000 km 2 . This may affect up to 3,000,000 people. When a 250 m size asteroid is considered, the covered land surface area ranges between about 1,400 and 2,100 km 2 and up to 120,000 people may be affected. In case of a 70 m size asteroid, the cloud covers up to 280 km 2 of land. This may affect up to about 70,000 people. These evaluations do not include the population of the towns on or near the seashore. A simple methodology to estimate the environmental risks of the potential asteroid impact was proposed. Sites less than 160 km from the impact place are at risk.

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Untitled

Cited by 17 publications

References 74 publications

Hydrodynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea

Hydrodynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea

Dynamics and Coastal Effects of Tsunamis Generated by Asteroids Impacting the Black Sea

Risks for poisoning of coastal and inland population due to asteroid impacts in Southern regions of Black Sea

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