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Sampson, Carolyn J.; Brezonik, Patrick L.

doi:10.1023/a:1022026610079

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(2) daily winter water fluxes to each lake from a data-driven hydrologic model based on daily precipitation and seasonal measurements of hydraulic head (Hunt et al 2013;Hunt and Walker 2017); and (3) available stream chemistry data, sampled during 2007-2015. We assumed that N fixation and atmospheric N inputs were negligible during ice cover (Sampson and Brezonik 2003).…”

Section: Exogenous N Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice duration drives winter nitrate accumulation in north temperate lakes

Powers

Labou

Baulch

et al. 2017

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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The duration of winter ice cover on lakes varies substantially with climate variability, and has decreased over the last several decades in many temperate lakes. However, little is known of how changes in seasonal ice cover may affect biogeochemical processes under ice. We examined winter nitrogen (N) dynamics under ice using a 301 yr dataset from five oligotrophic/mesotrophic north temperate lakes to determine how changes in inorganic N species varied with ice duration. Nitrate accumulated during winter and was strongly related to the number of days since ice-on. Exogenous inputs accounted for less than 3% of nitrate accumulation in four of the five lakes, suggesting a paramount role of . Given that winters with shorter ice duration (< 120 d) have become more frequent in these lakes since the late 1990s, peak winter nitrate concentrations and cumulative nitrate production under ice may be declining. As ice extent and duration change, the physical and chemical conditions supporting life will shift. This research suggests we may expect changes in the form and amount of inorganic N, and altered dissolved nitrogen : phosphorus ratios, in lakes during winters with shorter ice duration.*Correspondence: steve.powers@wsu.edu Author Contribution Statement: SMP led the manuscript effort. SMP and EHS came up with the research questions and designed the study approach. SMP, SEH, and SGL contributed to statistical analyses. SMP and SGL contributed figures. EHS, NRL, and RJH contributed data. SMP, EHS, HMB, NRL, and SEH interpreted results. All authors contributed to writing of the paper.Data Availability Statement: Data are available in the North Temperate Lakes LTER repository at https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu/data. We used a merged winter data set of (1) This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Scientific Significance StatementMany freshwater lakes freeze during winter, yet little is known about the rates and controls on ecological processes under ice, such as nitrification, or how these processes may be affected by ongoing and future changes in ice cover. To address these knowledge gaps, we analyzed three decades of winter chemistry data related to the nitrogen cycle in five seasonally ice-covered north temperate lakes. We found that nitrate accumulated during winter as a result of internal lake processes and was strongly related to the number of days since ice-on. Consequently, winters with shorter ice duration may result in reduced total nitrification and lower peak nitrate concentrations, with potentially important implications for annual lake biogeochemical budgets, primary productivity, and biological communities.

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Section: Exogenous N Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice duration drives winter nitrate accumulation in north temperate lakes

Powers

Labou

Baulch

et al. 2017

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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“…Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were consumed in L302S prior to acidification, but large rates of production began during the first year of acid addition (as in LRL). In contrast, inhibition of nitrification was not observed in LRL (39), and there were no apparent effects of acidification on NO3and NH4 + budgets down to pH 4.7.…”

Section: Supporting Information Availablementioning

confidence: 74%

Ion Budgets and Sediment−Water Interactions during the Experimental Acidification and Recovery of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin

Sampson

Brezonik

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ion budgets for the two basins of experimentally acidified Little Rock Lake (Vilas County, WI, U.S.A.) indicate that Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were released from the bottom sediments to the water column during 1984-1994, and NH4+, NO3-, and SO4(2-) were removed for a net internal alkalinity generation (IAG). Sulfate removal contributed approximately 50% of the IAG in the reference basin, and cation production generated approximately 40%. In-lake processes in the reference basin removed approximately 38% of the sulfate input; 58% was lost to outflow, and 4% remained in the water column. As a result of acid additions that stimulated sulfate reduction and lower pH that enhanced ion exchange, sulfate removal and Ca2+ production were more important for IAG in the treatment basin. During 1984-1994, sulfate removal contributed about 61% of the IAG, and Ca2+ production contributed about half of the IAG from cation production. In the treatment basin, in-lake processes removed about 46% of the total input of sulfate (including acid additions); 36% was lost to outflow and 18% remained in the water column (representing approximately 25% of the added acid). In both basins of LRL, NH4+ consumption roughly balanced NO3- consumption, and net N transformations provided only 3-12% of the IAG. Overall, Na+ and Cl- were conservative in both basins during 1984-1994. Most ion budget components, including calculated internal reaction terms, showed fairly large interannual variations; e.g., ion inputs (dominated by atmospheric deposition) varied by a factor of about two. Over the 10-year period, ANC terms calculated from the budgets as the difference between base cation and acid anion terms agreed well with measured ANC terms for the budget components, indicating that the budgets accounted for all important IAG constituents.

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Trajectories Of Zooplankton Recovery In The Little Rock Lake Whole-Lake Acidification Experiment

Frost¹,

Fischer

Klug

et al. 2006

Ecological Applications

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Understanding the factors that affect biological recovery from environmental stressors such as acidification is an important challenge in ecology. Here we report on zooplankton community recovery following the experimental acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, USA. One decade following cessation of acid additions to the northern basin of Little Rock Lake (LRL), recovery of the zooplankton community was complete. Approximately 40% of zooplankton species in the lake exhibited a recovery lag in which biological recovery to reference basin levels was delayed by 1-6 yr after pH recovered to the level at which the species originally responded. Delays in recovery such as those we observed in LRL may be attributable to "biological resistance" wherein establishment of viable populations of key acid-sensitive species following water quality improvements is prevented by other components of the community that thrived during acidification. Indeed, we observed that the recovery of species that thrived during acidification tended to precede recovery of species that declined during acidification. In addition, correspondence analysis indicated that the zooplankton community followed different pathways during acidification and recovery, suggesting that there is substantial hysteresis in zooplankton recovery from acidification. By providing an example of a relatively rapid recovery from short-term acidification, zooplankton community recovery from experimental acidification in LRL generally reinforces the positive outlook for recovery reported for other acidified lakes.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Ice duration drives winter nitrate accumulation in north temperate lakes

Ice duration drives winter nitrate accumulation in north temperate lakes

Ion Budgets and Sediment−Water Interactions during the Experimental Acidification and Recovery of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin

Trajectories Of Zooplankton Recovery In The Little Rock Lake Whole-Lake Acidification Experiment

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