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Wolk, Alicja; Gridley, Gloria; Svensson, Madeleine; Nyrén, Olof; McLaughlin, Joseph K.; Fraumeni, Joseph F.; Adam, H.

doi:10.1023/a:1008995217664

Cited by 526 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…These results should be considered with caution, however, as some of these studies found no statistically significant increase in liver cancer risk and no trend of increasing risk with increasing BMI (Rapp et al, 2005), did not control accurately for all major risk factors for HCC (Moller et al, 1994) or controlled only for hospital discharge of alcoholism and diabetes (Calle et al, 2003;Samanic et al, 2004), or found no increased risk for liver cancer due to obesity when excluding patients with diabetes (Wolk et al, 2001). By contrast, in a large USA cohort study of male veterans hospitalized with a diagnosis of obesity, excess risks for liver cancer were also observed when the analysis was restricted to white men without a history of diabetes or alcoholism (Samanic et al, 2004).…”

Section: Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma Some population-based cohort studies from Central and Northern Europe and from the USA found that obesity is associated with a 2-4-fold increased risk of liver cancer, higher among men than women (Moller et al, 1994;Wolk et al, 2001;Calle et al, 2003;Samanic et al, 2004;Rapp et al, 2005). These results should be considered with caution, however, as some of these studies found no statistically significant increase in liver cancer risk and no trend of increasing risk with increasing BMI (Rapp et al, 2005), did not control accurately for all major risk factors for HCC (Moller et al, 1994) or controlled only for hospital discharge of alcoholism and diabetes (Calle et al, 2003;Samanic et al, 2004), or found no increased risk for liver cancer due to obesity when excluding patients with diabetes (Wolk et al, 2001).…”

Section: Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

et al. 2006

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol consumption are major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. We performed a systematic review of epidemiologic studies carried out on HCC aetiology in Southern Europe, an area with an intermediatehigh prevalence of these agents as well as of putative risk factors such as tobacco smoking, diabetes and obesity. To retrieve the articles, we performed a Medline search for titles and abstracts of articles. After the Medline search, we reviewed the papers and reference lists to identify additional articles. A synergism between HCV infection and HBV infection, overt (hepatitis B virus antigen (HbsAg) positivity) or occult (HBsAg negativity with presence of HBV DNA in liver or serum), is suggested by the results of some studies. The pattern of the risk for HCC due to alcohol intake shows a continuous dose-effect curve without a definite threshold, although most studies found that HCC risk increased only for alcohol consumption above 40-60 g of ethanol per day. Some evidence supports a positive interaction of alcohol intake probably with HCV infection and possibly with HBV infection. A few studies found that coffee has a protective effect on HCC risk due to various risk factors. Some data also support a role of tobacco smoking, diabetes and obesity as single agents or preferably cofactors in causing HCC. In countries with a relatively high alcohol consumption and intermediate levels of HCV and HBV infections (1-3% of population infected by each virus), such as Mediterranean countries, the three main risk factors together account for about 85% of the total HCC cases, leaving little space to other known risk factors, such as haemochromatosis, and to new, still unrecognised, factors as independent causes of HCC.

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Section: Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

et al. 2006

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“…Positive associations with ovarian cancer and body mass have been in the range of 1.5-2.0 for the highest categories studied (Cramer et al, 1884;Lew and Garfinkel, 1979;Farrow et al, 1989;Purdie et al, 2001;Calle et al, 2003), although several studies have not shown an association (Slattery et al, 1989;Moller et al, 1994;Mink et al, 1995;Wolk et al, 2001).…”

Section: Other Cancersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Available studies have consistently found elevated risks for women (of about twofold), but generally have had too few cases to evaluate the association in men (Lew and Garfinkel, 1979;Moller et al, 1994;Strom et al, 1995;Zatonski et al, 1997;Wolk et al, 2001;Calle et al, 2003). Obesity is thought to operate indirectly to increase the risk of gallbladder cancer by increasing the risk of gallstones, which, in turn, causes chronic inflammation and increased risk of biliary tract cancer (World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997).…”

Section: Other Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and cancer

2004

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Large prospective studies show a significant association with obesity for several cancers, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the evidence of a causal link as 'sufficient' for cancers of the colon, female breast (postmenopausal), endometrium, kidney (renal cell), and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). These data, and the rising worldwide trend in obesity, suggest that overeating may be the largest avoidable cause of cancer in nonsmokers. Few obese people are successful in long-term weight reduction, and thus there is little direct evidence regarding the impact of weight reduction on cancer risk. If the correlation between obesity and cancer mortality is entirely causal, we estimate that overweight and obesity now account for one in seven of cancer deaths in men and one in five in women in the US.

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“…Low levels of adiponectin have been found in a number of obesity related cancers as well as cancers associated with insulin resistance [4] such as breast [5][6][7], prostate [8] and colon [9]. It has been suggested that reduced levels of adiponectin lead to the development of insulin resistance and compensatory chronic hyperinuslinemia which in turn lead to reduced liver synthesis of IGFBP1 and IGFBP2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Adiponectin Gene with Adiponectin Levels and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Cancer

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Objectives:The aims of this study are to (1) study the influence of polymorphisms in adiponectin gene on adiponectin levels and potential associations with breast, prostate and colon cancer; (2) investigate the associations of adiponectin levels with other adipokines and breast, prostate and colon cancers. Subjects: We measured fasting adiponectin, leptin, insulin, Sex steroids in 132 (66 females, 66 males) cancer patients and 68 age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as indices of obesity. Insulin Resistance was assessed using Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP rs182052 (G-10066-A), SNP rs1501299 (276G > T), SNP rs224176 (45T > G) in adiponectin gene were studied using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: GG genotype of SNP rs1501299 was significantly associated with higher levels of adiponectin (OR = 1.2, 95%CI(1.03-1.3), p = 0.02); breast (OR = 8.6, 95%CI(1.03-71), p = 0.04), colon cancers (OR = 12, 95%CI(1.2-115), p = 0.03). GT genotype was also associated significantly with colon cancer (OR = 2.6, 95%CI (1.1-6), p = 0.03). However SNP rs224176 was associated with only breast cancer. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that adiponectin gene SNP rs1501299 and SNP rs224176 may be the predisposing factors in some cancers but our results differ from what has been reported in other populations suggesting a complex relationship between genetic variations and phenotypic adiponectin levels.

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Abstract: Obesity is associated with more forms of cancer than previously reported.

Cited by 526 publications

References 63 publications

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

Obesity and cancer

Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Adiponectin Gene with Adiponectin Levels and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Cancer

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