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Valle, Maurizio

doi:10.1023/a:1020717929709

Cited by 45 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…Analog, digital or hybrid approaches have been proposed for the implementation of AFs in CMOS [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. When compared to digital implementations, analog designs are faster and more power-efficient [2,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Voltage, Low-Power Reconfigurable Current-Mode Softmax Circuit for Analog Neural Networks

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a novel low-power low-voltage analog implementation of the softmax function, with electrically adjustable amplitude and slope parameters. We propose a modular design, which can be scaled by the number of inputs (and of corresponding outputs). It is composed of input current–voltage linear converter stages (1st stages), MOSFETs operating in a subthreshold regime implementing the exponential functions (2nd stages), and analog divider stages (3rd stages). Each stage is only composed of p-type MOSFET transistors. Designed in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology (TSMC), the proposed softmax circuit can be operated at a supply voltage of 500 mV. A ten-input/ten-output realization occupies a chip area of 2570 µm2 and consumes only 3 µW of power, representing a very compact and energy-efficient option compared to the corresponding digital implementations.

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