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Trotta, Vincenzo; Calboli, Federico C. F.; Ziosi, Marcello; Guerra, Daniela; Pezzoli, Maria Cristina; David, Jean R.; Cavicchi, Sandro

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-67

Cited by 107 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Average life span data of D. melanogaster vary widely and are strongly dependent on rearing conditions. The average control life span (between 33 and 80 days) found in previous works [66]–[68], are lower than that found in the present study. Dietary supplementation does not always result in an increased life span.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Protective Effect of Borage Seed Oil and Gamma Linolenic Acid on DNA: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

et al. 2013

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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has been used as a treatment for various degenerative diseases. Many useful properties of this oil are attributed to its high gamma linolenic acid content (GLA, 18:3 ω-6). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and suitability of the use of borage seed oil, along with one of its active components, GLA, with respect to DNA integrity, and to establish possible in vivo toxic and in vitro cytotoxic effects. In order to measure these properties, five types of assays were carried out: toxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity (using the promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cell line), and life span (in vivo analysis using the Drosophila model). Results showed that i) Borage seed oil is not toxic to D. melanogaster at physiological concentrations below 125 µl/ml and the studies on GLA indicated non-toxicity at the lowest concentration analyzed ii) Borage seed oil and GLA are DNA safe (non-genotoxic) and antimutagenic compared to hydrogen peroxide, thereby confirming its antioxidant capacity; iii) Borage seed oil and GLA exhibited cytotoxic activity in low doses (IC50 of 1 µl/ml and 0.087 mM, respectively) iv) Low doses of borage seed oil (0.19%) increased the health span of D. melanogaster; and v) GLA significantly decreased the life span of D. melanogaster.Based on the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects along with the ability to increase the health span, we propose supplementation with borage seed oil rather than GLA, because it protects DNA by modulating oxidative genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity towards promyelocytic HL60 cells.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Protective Effect of Borage Seed Oil and Gamma Linolenic Acid on DNA: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

et al. 2013

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“…Interestingly, there was a gain of fitness at 30°C for RS5194, with an average of 52 offspring per hermaphrodite compared to six for PS312 (significantly different: Student's t -test, P >0.0001), but this comes at the cost of a decreased fitness at 10°C, RS5194 giving an average of 17 offspring per hermaphrodite compared to 51 for PS312 (significantly different: Student's t -test, P >0.0001). This shows that strain RS5194 has not just increased its fitness at high temperatures but has shifted its whole fitness profile higher as shown for C. elegans and C. briggsae (Begasse et al, 2015) and for populations of D. melanogaster from the tropical and temperate climates (Trotta et al, 2006). Therefore, two phenotypes can be defined for these strains: P. pacificus strain PS312 from California is low temperature tolerant (Ltt); and P. pacificus strain RS5194 from Japan is high temperature tolerant (Htt).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

A locus inPristionchus pacificusthat is responsible for the ability to give rise to fertile offspring at higher temperatures

et al. 2016

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Temperature is a stress factor that varies temporally and spatially, and can affect the fitness of cold-blooded organisms, leading to a loss of reproductive output; however, little is understood about the genetics behind the long-term response of organisms to temperature. Here, we approach this problem in the model nematode Pristionchus pacificus by utilising a large collection of natural isolates with diverse phenotypes. From this collection we identify two strains, one from California that can give rise to fertile offspring up to 28°C and one from Japan that is fertile up to 30°C. We show that the optimum temperature and the upper temperature limit for fertility is shifted higher in the Japanese strain suggesting that there is a mechanism that controls the temperature response of fertility across a range of temperatures. By crossing the two strains, and using genetic mapping, we identify a region on chromosome V that is responsible for maintaining fertility at higher temperatures. Thus, we conclude that fitness of P. pacificus at high temperature is under genetic control, suggesting that it could be subject to natural selection.

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“…We found that the relatively mild winter temperatures of southern California were, for D. melanogaster, highly stressful, while summer conditions imposed little cost to population productivity relative to benign laboratory conditions (figures 1 and 2). The thermal range of D. melanogaster is 11-328C, with viability decreasing sharply above and below the extremes [37][38][39], indicating both high and low temperatures can be stressful. In the current study, average daily summer temperatures experienced by D. melanogaster populations were close to optimal, whereas winter average temperatures were close to lethal extremes, and daily lows frequently went below physiological limits for growth and reproduction (table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal stress drives predictable changes in inbreeding depression in field-tested captive populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Enders

Nunney

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Recent meta-analyses conducted across a broad range of taxa have demonstrated a strong linear relationship between the change in magnitude of inbreeding depression under stress and stress level, measured as fitness loss in outbred individuals. This suggests that a general underlying response may link stress and inbreeding depression. However, this relationship is based primarily on laboratory data, and it is unknown whether natural environments with multiple stressors and fluctuating stress levels alter how stress affects inbreeding depression. To test whether the same pattern persists in the field, we investigated the effect of seasonal variation on stress level and inbreeding depression in a 3-year field study measuring the productivity of captive populations of inbred and outbred Drosophila melanogaster. We found cold winter temperatures were most stressful and induced the greatest inbreeding depression. Furthermore, these data, collected under natural field conditions, conformed to the same predictive linear relationship seen in Drosophila laboratory studies, with inbreeding depression increasing by 0.17 lethal equivalents for every 10 per cent increase in stress level. Our results suggest that under natural conditions stress level is a primary determinant of the magnitude of inbreeding depression and should be considered when assessing extinction vulnerability in small populations.

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Untitled

Cited by 107 publications

References 43 publications

Protective Effect of Borage Seed Oil and Gamma Linolenic Acid on DNA: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Protective Effect of Borage Seed Oil and Gamma Linolenic Acid on DNA: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

A locus inPristionchus pacificusthat is responsible for the ability to give rise to fertile offspring at higher temperatures

Seasonal stress drives predictable changes in inbreeding depression in field-tested captive populations of Drosophila melanogaster

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