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Pary, Raymond; Lewis, Susan E.; Matuschka, Paul R.; Rudzinskiy, Peter; Safi, Mohammad Hadi; Lippmann, Steven

doi:10.1023/a:1016807021779

Cited by 38 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In a community-based survey, the estimated prevalence of current self-reported adult ADHD was 4.4% [45]. While ADHD has long been known to persist into adulthood [1419,1420], it has only recently become the focus of widespread clinical attention [1421-1423]. …”

Section: Anxiety With Comorbid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAnxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders, with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are under-diagnosed and under-treated.MethodsThese guidelines were developed by Canadian experts in anxiety and related disorders through a consensus process. Data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment (psychological and pharmacological) were obtained through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and manual searches (1980–2012). Treatment strategies were rated on strength of evidence, and a clinical recommendation for each intervention was made, based on global impression of efficacy, effectiveness, and side effects, using a modified version of the periodic health examination guidelines.ResultsThese guidelines are presented in 10 sections, including an introduction, principles of diagnosis and management, six sections (Sections 3 through 8) on the specific anxiety-related disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder), and two additional sections on special populations (children/adolescents, pregnant/lactating women, and the elderly) and clinical issues in patients with comorbid conditions.ConclusionsAnxiety and related disorders are very common in clinical practice, and frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and medical conditions. Optimal management requires a good understanding of the efficacy and side effect profiles of pharmacological and psychological treatments.

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Section: Anxiety With Comorbid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

et al. 2014

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“…In surgery, where every mistake made by a doctor can be fatal, the use of cognitive enhancers is widely debated (Warren, Leff, Athanasiou, Kennard, & Darzi, 2009). Traditionally, surgeons use substances such as coffee or propranolol (Humayun, Rader, Pieramici, Awh, & de Juan, 1997), but as these substances carry undesirable side effects (such as tachycardia and tremor), some surgeons obtain prescriptions for such drugs as methylphenidate from colleagues (Pary et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cognitive enhancers among medical students in Lithuania

Lengvenyte

Strumila

Grikinienė

2016

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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AIMS-The purpose of this study is to analyse the use of cognitive enhancers among medical students in Lithuania, determine the reasons for usage and evaluate the contributing factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, stress levels, sleep quality and knowing somebody who has used a neuro-enhancing drug. DESIGN-A cross-sectional survey study was performed by analysing a convenience sample of n=579 in the two universities offering medical education in Lithuania, Vilnius University and the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. In 2014, students were asked to fill in anonymous paper questionnaires consisting of 13 items on prevalence of substance use to enhance cognitive performance, and on reasons and correlates (response rate 95%) during lecture time. RESULTS-Of the respondents, 8.1% indicated that they had used cognitive enhancers. Among those who had used these drugs, nootropics were the most frequently mentioned (59.6%), while psychostimulants, such as modafinil, methylphenidate and amphetaminederived drugs were mentioned less frequently (38.3%). Other substances were indicated by 23.4% of the respondents. Improvement of concentration and increased studying time were predominant purposes (55.3% and 48.9% of users, respectively). Male students reported three times higher prevalence rates than females (14.6% vs. 5.1%, p<0.05). Prevalence was also higher in students who knew someone using these substances than among those who did not know such persons (17.3% vs. 5.1%, p< 0.05). This was the most associated factor with cognitive-enhancing drug-taking behaviour. No correlation between cognitive enhancement usage and sleep quality or stress levels was found, nor between usage and belonging to a student organisation or having a job. CONCLUSIONS In Lithuania, 1 of 12 medical students admits to having used neuro-enhancing drugs. Our study results provide an overview of the actual situation on correlates and reasons for taking performance-enhancing substances.

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“…ADHD is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. The incidence of ADHD is 5-10% of children, and the symptoms are known to persist in 10-60% of cases into adulthood [3][4][5][6][7]. Ninety percent of children diagnosed with ADHD in the United States were prescribed medication [8], the vast majority with a psychostimulant drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%