I begin by appreciating the contributions in the volume that indirectly and directly address the questions: Why do gestures and embodiment matter to mathematics education, what has understanding of these achieved and what might they achieve? I argue, however, that understanding gestures can in general only play an important role in 'grasping' the meaning of mathematics if the whole object-orientated 'activity' is taken into account in our perspective, and give examples from my own work and from this Special Issue. Finally, I put forward the notion of a 'threshold' moment, where seeing and grasping at the nexus of two or more activities often seem to be critical to breakthroughs in learning.Keywords Activity theory . Unit of analysis . Pedagogy . Threshold moment
PrefaceA large dog sat on the floor at the bar next to his owner, balefully eyeing me and other customers. I locked gaze with him and his sad-looking eyes responded; they suggested to me that he had been sitting there too long. I wondered if this was all in my imagination: do dogs speak to humans through their eyes? As I thought about it and about writing this paper, I laughed. The dog looked away; but then after a few moments he looked back at me, apparently to see if I was still watching him. The dog yawned, a huge gaping yawn that seemed to go on forever, and I felt impelled to yawn myself, and then I actually did yawn 1 .Do humans and dogs communicate non-verbally? I recall a dog that, when its owner returned from work, would fetch the lead in its teeth to show him, drop it at his feet, and then run to the front door. Cats on the other hand are very different, at least in their facial expressions-perhaps this is due to a different co-evolution of the two species with human Educ Stud Math (