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Kim, Chulyoung; Lee, In Kyu; Ahn, Jung Eun; Shin, Changsoo

doi:10.1023/a:1011678132456

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…AL belongs to the group of astringent medicines and is a refined crystal processed from alunite (KAl 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 ), which has antibiotic, anti-trichomonas, and astriction effects. Most of time, it is used externally only because it is highly stimulative if taken internally, except for cases of lead colic [ 1 , 11 ]. Clinically, AL can be used both internally and externally, but it has always been burned before external use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of the Anti-oxidant and the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Alum and Burnt Alum

Seo¹

2012

Journal of Pharmacopuncture

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Alum (AL) and Burnt Alum (BAL), which are commonly used as external ointments.Methods:Extracts of AL and BAL were classified into three groups: 20, 50, and 100 ㎎/㎕. The cytotoxicity was measured by using MTT assays in human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The anti-oxidant effect was measured by using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenger. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by using the inhibitory efficacy for the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7).Results:BAL showed a higher level of cytotoxicity than AL. The AL groups showed a concentration-dependent scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, but no significant relevance was found. The BAL groups showed a concentration-dependent scavenging effect on DPPH radicals. The scavenging effects of the BAL groups were almost insignificant, but the values for the 20, 50, and 100 ㎍/㎖ trials were different. The BAL groups showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on NO production, but the AL groups did not.Conclusions:AL showed an anti-oxidant effect more efficiently than BAL did, which demonstrated a superior anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, for external usage, AL must be distinguished from BAL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of the Anti-oxidant and the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Alum and Burnt Alum

Seo¹

2012

Journal of Pharmacopuncture

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“…347 The peptide bonds were formed in yields of 73, 74, and 76%. Other groups have examined alternative enzymes and different adjuvants in the synthesis of the precursor of aspartame (N-CBZ-L-Asp-L-PheOMe) 349,351 and the kyotorphin precursor, N-carbobenzoxyl-L-tyrosine-Larginine amide (N-CBZ-L-Tyr-L-ArgNH 2 ), 358 using the enzymes thermolysin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KCCM 12091 protease, and CMT, respectively. A synthesis of a protected precursor of the artificial sweetner alitame (L-Asp-D-Ala) was achieved from N-Cbz-L-Asp(OEt)OEt and D-alanine amide using CMT.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Eutectic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysis in Supercritical Fluids, in Fluorous Solvents, and under Solvent-Free Conditions

2007

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“…In 1995, Jorba et al described the synthesis of the "delicious peptide" which possesses the umami flavour [64]. Other peptides were recently similarly synthesized: Leu-enkephalin [66], aspartame precursors [67], kyotorphin [68] and alitame [69]. Other peptides were recently similarly synthesized: Leu-enkephalin [66], aspartame precursors [67], kyotorphin [68] and alitame [69].…”

Section: Solid/solid Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Protease-Catalyzed Peptide Synthesis

Lombard

Saulnier

Wallach

2005

PPL

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Enzymatic peptide syntheses may be either thermodynamically- or kinetically-controlled. The former may be catalyzed by any proteases; the latter is limited to serine and cysteine proteases. This methodology is quite stereospecific and avoids side chain protection but is suffering of some drawbacks. Thus, only two industrial processes are by now developed: the production of aspartame and the conversion of porcine into human insulin. However, recent improvements have been carried out in different directions: 1-Search for proteases with high and/or new P'1 and P1 specificities. 2-Protease engineering to promote synthesis towards hydrolysis and to enlarge specificity. 3-Development of mimetic or "inverse" substrates to limit further hydrolysis of synthesized peptide. 4-Change of the physical state of reactants. Three axes have mainly be explored: solid-solid conversion, use of cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLEC) and enzyme immobilization. 5-Modification of experimental conditions. The principal and recent developments deal with: heterogeneous catalysis, synthesis in low water-containing organic solvents, in ionic liquids or at subzero temperatures. This review will illustrate these new orientations with examples described in the recent literature.

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Untitled

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

An Experimental Study of the Anti-oxidant and the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Alum and Burnt Alum

An Experimental Study of the Anti-oxidant and the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Alum and Burnt Alum

Biocatalysis in Supercritical Fluids, in Fluorous Solvents, and under Solvent-Free Conditions

Recent Trends in Protease-Catalyzed Peptide Synthesis

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