“…The resultant smooth surface was attributed to uniform dispersion of fine nickel particles. While their observation is in line with the findings of Tripathy, et al [17] who studied the effect of sodium lauryl sulphate on zinc electrowinning from acidic sulfate solutions, Karuppusamy & Anantharam [18] also reported that addition of 150ppm SDS resulted in uniform and pit free nickel deposits.…”
The influence of a surfactant on the composition of nickel-yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ) cermet coatings, applied by electroless nickel plating technique was examined. The amphiphilic characteristics of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), was relied upon for enhanced dispersion of YSZ particles co-deposited for use as anodes in solid oxide fuel cell technology and potential heat absorbing layers in thermal barrier coatings. Optical microscopy was employed to study the correlation between the plating thickness, level of ceramic loading and SDS concentration while the effect of the surfactant and fineness of YSZ particles on the as-deposited coating's ceramic to metal ratio, was analysed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) characterisation technique.
“…The resultant smooth surface was attributed to uniform dispersion of fine nickel particles. While their observation is in line with the findings of Tripathy, et al [17] who studied the effect of sodium lauryl sulphate on zinc electrowinning from acidic sulfate solutions, Karuppusamy & Anantharam [18] also reported that addition of 150ppm SDS resulted in uniform and pit free nickel deposits.…”
The influence of a surfactant on the composition of nickel-yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ) cermet coatings, applied by electroless nickel plating technique was examined. The amphiphilic characteristics of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), was relied upon for enhanced dispersion of YSZ particles co-deposited for use as anodes in solid oxide fuel cell technology and potential heat absorbing layers in thermal barrier coatings. Optical microscopy was employed to study the correlation between the plating thickness, level of ceramic loading and SDS concentration while the effect of the surfactant and fineness of YSZ particles on the as-deposited coating's ceramic to metal ratio, was analysed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) characterisation technique.
“…Tripathy et al (12,13) showed a comparative study between glue, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBABr), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in sulfuric acid medium on aluminium parallel plates, finding similar efficiencies for these three additives as those obtained using arabic gum (AG) (14). CTABr increased the current efficiency and produced smooth and compact deposits similar to those achieved with glue but TBABr increased the current efficiency slightly more than glue but also increased the power consumption and produced comparatively dull deposits.…”
The influence of Saponin, Licorice, Tennafroth 250, and Dowfroth 250 at different concentration levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm) were investigated during zinc electrowinning from industrially supplied spent electrolyte. Acid mist suppression efficiency, polarization behavior, current efficiency and energy consumption were investigated for a current density of 500 A.m -2 . Surface tension measurements were used to find a correlation between the concentration of the different additives and the acid mist suppression efficiencies. Morphological and crystallographic orientation studies indicated dense and well defined crystalline grains with homogeneous distribution mostly at the 5 ppm level of suppressant. Electrowinning in the presence of Saponin and Tennafroth was found to have high current efficiencies of 90% each with low energy consumptions of 2641 and 2675 kWh/t, respectively and the deposited crystals were found to be oriented preferably in the [101]
“…For example, 2-butyne-1, 4-diol [10], nonylphenoloxylethelene [11] and a combination of nonylphenolpolyethylene glycol, dinaphthylamine-4,4 0 -disulphuric acid and polyethelene glycol [12,13] have been reported to be superior to glue or gum arabic. In addition, 2-picoline and 4-ethylpyridine [14,15], sodium lauryl sulphate [16], triethylbenzylammonium chloride, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [17,18], and perfluorinated carboxylic acids [19] as alternatives to glue or gum arabic to improve the electrodeposition characteristics of zinc from acidic sulphate electrolytes have been investigated.…”
A comparative study of the effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate-[BMIM]HSO 4 and gelatine on current efficiency (CE), power consumption (PC), deposit morphology, and polarization behaviour of the cathode during electrodeposition of zinc from acidic sulphate solutions were investigated. Compared with the traditional industrial additive, gelatine, the addition of [BMIM]HSO 4 was found to increase current efficiency, reduce power consumption, and improve the surface morphology. Maximum CE and minimum PC were obtained at the addition dosage of 5 mg dm -3 . Meanwhile, simultaneous addition of the two additives induced a blocking effect of the zinc reduction and led to more leveled and fine-grained cathodic deposits. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry results and kinetic parameters such as Tafel slope, transfer coefficient, and exchange current density obtained from Tafel plots led to the conclusion that both additives have a pronounced inhibiting effect on Zn 2? electroreduction. The data obtained from X-ray diffractogram revealed that the presence of additives did not change the structure of the electrodeposited zinc but affected the crystallographic orientation of the crystal planes.
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