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Abstract

Gelatin microspheres with a diameter less than 2 microns were synthesized by means of cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. When the microspheres were subjected to degradation in phosphate-buffered saline solution containing collagenase, the digestion of microspheres was found to decrease with increasing cross-linking. Interferon was incorporated in the microspheres at a high trapping efficiency, and the rate of interferon release from the microspheres was regulated by the extent of cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Gelatin microspheres incorporating interferon-alpha were readily phagocytosed by macrophages, regardless of the extent of cross-linking, and the phagocytosed microspheres were observed to be degraded gradually in the interior of macrophages, resulting in the slow release of the incorporated interferon in the cells.

Biodegradable Microspheres Based on Gelatin-Porcine Mucin Admixtures: in Vitro and in Vivo Delivery Studies

“…During this extraction process, the amide groups of asparagines and glutamine are hydrolyzed into carboxyl groups, thus converting many of the residues to aspartate and glutamate. 20,21) Consequently, the electrostatic nature is affected and in contrast to type A which has an IEP of 9.0, the higher number of carboxyl groups per molecule reduces the IEP of type B gelatin to between 4.8 and 5.2.Although the rectal route should certainly not be the route of first choice, it can in certain circumstances be of immense benefit to the patient. In spite of its few limitations, the rectal route is still used in many different therapies, intended either for local or for systemic effect.…”

“…During this extraction process, the amide groups of asparagines and glutamine are hydrolyzed into carboxyl groups, thus converting many of the residues to aspartate and glutamate. 20,21) Consequently, the electrostatic nature is affected and in contrast to type A which has an IEP of 9.0, the higher number of carboxyl groups per molecule reduces the IEP of type B gelatin to between 4.8 and 5.2.…”

Adhesion of macrophages on collagen irradiated with ultraviolet light

“…However, the anti-adhesive activity remained in the collagen irradiated with UV light for 24 h in spite of the resolution of the collagen peptide chains into many parts. Maintaining the triplehelical structure of collagen may be an essential condition to suppress the adhesion of Mos because the aggregates of denatured collagen are eliminated by the Mo with phagocytosis [23].…”

“…Macrophages (Mos) eliminate foreign matter, which invades an animal body, by phagocytosis [23]. If an implanted material is large and has little biocompatibility, Mos adhere to the material [24,25] and cause inflammation [26].…”

Controlled Delivery of Antigens and Adjuvants in Vaccine Development

“…As a denatured form of collagen, gelatin formulated into small microspheres is hypothesized to have high propensities for uptake by phagocytic cells. 35,43 Human gamma globulin (HGG) encapsulated in gelatin microspheres was shown to produce a higher antibody titer than the IFA formulation. 35 The microspheres were made by a water-in-oil emulsion process and cross-linked by glutaraldehyde.…”