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Abstract

Objectives: Sustained-release once-daily tacrolimus pharmacokinetics have not yet been characterized in de novo living-donor liver transplant recipients. Here, a 12-week, phase IV, single center, open-label, prospective pilot study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics of this formulation in these patients. Materials and Methods: Patients received continuous intravenous infusion of tacrolimus on days 0 to 5 after transplant, which was followed by oral once-daily sustained-release tacrolimus. Two 24-hour pharmacokinetics profiles were generated for 10 patients on days 6 and 14. Secondary endpoints were minimum (trough level) and maximum whole blood concentrations, time to maximum concentration, and incidences of acute rejection, patient and graft survival, and adverse events. Results: Mean doses (± standard deviation) of sustained-release tacrolimus on days 6 and 14 were 0.14 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.04 mg/kg. Levels were within the recommended range throughout the study. When the actual dose was examined, area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours on day 14 was 1.8-fold higher than that on day 6 (423.9 vs 235.7 ng × h/mL). When tacrolimus was normalized to 0.1 mg/kg, area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours on day 14 was 1.5-fold higher than on day 6 (279.3 vs 183.4 ng × h/mL). When we used the actual dose, we found the correlation coefficient between area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours and trough level to be higher on day 6 (r = 0.87) than on day 14 (r = 0.691). No acute rejections, graft losses, patient deaths, or drug-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Initial intravenous followed by sustainedrelease tacrolimus was safe and efficacious in livingdonor liver transplant recipients. The mean area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours on day 14 was higher than previously reported; this difference may reflect cautious dosing regimens.

The hepatic protective effects of tacrolimus as a rinse solution in liver transplantation

“…Tacrolimus is the most widely used calcineurin inhibitor for the prevention of allograft rejection. [5] It may reduce IRI by altering hepatic microcirculation, and it may also promote maintenance of microcirculation in the face of the normally deleterious reperfusion by suppressing endothelial expression of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1. [6,7] More importantly, tacrolimus was demonstrated to effectively ameliorate IRI through the preservation of cytosolic and extracellular glutathione (GSH) [8] that could be regarded as endogenous defence system against ROS.…”

“…[11,12] It was widely administered intravenously and orally following transplants, and its use strategy is constantly being refined. [5]…”