850-nm Dual-Mode VCSEL Carried 53-Gbps NRZ- OOK Transmission in 100-m Graded-Index Single-Mode Fiber

Abstract

We demonstrated transmission of 850-nm dual-mode VCSEL carried NRZ- OOK data at 53 Gbit/s over 100 m graded-index single-mode fiber through heterogeneous mode-field mismatched coupling from lensed MMF with 40% efficiency or 4dB loss.

Recent Advances in 850 nm VCSELs for High-Speed Interconnects

“…Oxide VCSELs with oxidation apertures have become the common industry practice for the current and mode controls [10]. Other mode-suppression techniques include surface relief [75,76], photonic crystals [77,78], impurity-induced disordering (IID) (also referred to as Zn diffusion) [71,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85], oxide relief [81,86], and integrated mode-selective filter (iMSF) structures, which induce losses of the higher-order modes [70,87], as well as lithographic VCSELs with a phase-shifting mesa (PSM) [88,89].…”

“…As mentioned in Section 3.2, FM and SM VCSELs are usually tormented with higher differential resistances, early thermal roll-overs resulting in lower roll-over currents, reduced optical output powers, and reduced modulation bandwidths due to the increased differential resistances and operating currents. Some processing techniques have been applied to VCSELs with the aim of tackling the differential resistance and thermal resistance issues that plague small-aperture oxide-confined VCSELs through the introduction of IID technology [71,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85]89]. IID VCSELs show the characteristics of a high speed, outstanding efficiency, highly single mode, lower differential resistance, and relatively higher optical power [71,81,82,84,85].…”

“…Some processing techniques have been applied to VCSELs with the aim of tackling the differential resistance and thermal resistance issues that plague small-aperture oxide-confined VCSELs through the introduction of IID technology [71,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85]89]. IID VCSELs show the characteristics of a high speed, outstanding efficiency, highly single mode, lower differential resistance, and relatively higher optical power [71,81,82,84,85]. Therefore, IID VCSELs with FM or SM characteristics show excellent mid-to long-range transmission capabilities [71,83,85].…”

“…IID VCSELs show the characteristics of a high speed, outstanding efficiency, highly single mode, lower differential resistance, and relatively higher optical power [71,81,82,84,85]. Therefore, IID VCSELs with FM or SM characteristics show excellent mid-to long-range transmission capabilities [71,83,85].…”