8192-Element Optical Phased Array with 100° Steering Range and Flip-Chip CMOS

Poulton, Christopher V.; Byrd, Matthew J.; Moss, Benjamin; Timurdogan, Erman; Millman, Ron; Watts, Michael R.

doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2020.jth4a.3

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Other key challenges are thermal management, linewidth for long-range coherence, and control complexity over a large number of LDs or SOAs. The low thermal impedance of the III/V-on-BS platform certainly facilitates the thermal management, and the linewidth feasibility of sub-KHz and controls over 8192 devices have been recently reported in Si photonics [58], [45]. It will be interesting to see how these opportunities unfold as industry advances with the III/V-on-Si technologies.…”

Section: Future Application Possibilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Bulk-Si Platform: Born for DRAM, Upgraded With On-Chip Lasers, and Transplanted to LiDAR

Shin

Byun

Shim

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The CMOS industry has been expecting silicon photonics to provide photonic and electro-photonic integrated circuits based on the CMOS processes and infrastructures for scalability of incumbent technology evolutions and creation of novel technologies. However, the compatibility with the legacy CMOS has been compromised with the development convenience of early silicon photonics in that the specialty silicon-on-insulator substrates have been widely used as integration platforms. Since this specialty substrate may hinder the photonics integration with legacy volume products later, a legacy-friendly integration platform with a generic bulk-silicon substrate has been developed for better compatibility. This paper overviews the bulk-silicon photonics platform born for DRAM integration, upgraded with III/V-on-bulk-Si lasers, and transplanted to LiDAR applications requiring the virtuous cycle of cost and volume. The photonics integration with DRAM was to resolve the speed-capacity tradeoff in the DRAM interconnects, and technical feasibility as well as lessons learned from the integration attempt are reviewed. The bulk-silicon device performance approaches that of silicon-oninsulator devices with the thermal advantage of ~40-% lower thermal impedance and the optical disadvantage of ~0.4-dB/mm higher waveguide loss. In the LiDAR applications, detection performance up to ~20 m at 20 fps by a single-chip scanner integrating tunable laser, semiconductor optical amplifiers, and optical phased array are presented with future outlooks.

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Section: Future Application Possibilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Bulk-Si Platform: Born for DRAM, Upgraded With On-Chip Lasers, and Transplanted to LiDAR

Shin

Byun

Shim

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…A recent demonstration included a planar integrated circuit with 8192 phased array elements. 10 This example steered over 100 deg in 1D using the phased array. This very impressive result required 8192 DAC channels (from 8 DAC chips) consuming a total power of 2.5 W. Even with this large number of phase elements, the phase adjustments only provide steering in 1D.…”

Section: Optical Phased Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of lens-assisted beam steering methods

Spector

2022

J. Optical Microsystems

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Lens-assisted beam steering (LABS) has emerged as a promising solution for compact chip-based optical beam steering for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. In a LABS system, light is steered within an integrated optical chip and emitted at a desired location. This emitted light is focused out into the scene with a lens, analogous to a camera operating in reverse. LABS systems offer many advantages compared to competing technologies such as solid-state reliability, simple control, compactness, and fast random access scanning. Different methods for LABS systems are described and compared. Most LABS systems demonstrated thus far have small arrays, and therefore, only offer a relatively small number of possible beam locations. It is important to understand how these systems will scale to the much larger arrays needed for a practical LiDAR system.

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“…As an all-solid-state beam steering technology, optical phased array (OPA) is promising in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) fields, such as autonomous driving, three-dimensional imaging, and mapping. Many researches related to OPA have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and it is widely considered to be a key sensing modality for reliable autonomous systems, most notably for self-driving cars [21]. OPA is also promising in the field of free space optical communications, and there have been some related reports in recent years [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For OPA-based sensing systems, in order to meet practical needs, a large scanning range is very important. In recent years, silicon-based OPA has achieved larger and larger steering angles [20,24,28]. Among them, Columbia University has achieved the largest steering angle (180°) by adopting an end-fire optical phased array with half-wavelength pitch [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%