The Iberian dictatorships and agricultural modernisation after the Second World War

Freire, Dulce; Lanero, Daniel

doi:10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00174

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The crucial move towards state‐coordinated dairy capitalism took place in 1952, when the Franco regime issued a dairy policy based on so‐called milk centrals as part of a much broader policy agenda of state intervention in the economy (Clar, ; Freire & Lanero, ; see also Ríos‐Núñez & Coq‐Huelva, ). The regime had a strong opinion that Spain was facing two related dairy problems: First, consumption (which was actually among the lowest in Europe) was too low in relation to standard dietary advice, and second, milk quality was very poor as a result of the shortcomings of the traditional, unindustrialized dairy chain.…”

Section: The Rise and The Fall Of Organized Dairy Capitalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

From organized to disorganized capitalism? Market versus nonmarket coordination in Spain's dairy chain

Collantes

2018

Journal of Agrarian Change

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Conventional wisdom has it that the food economy has transitioned from organized to disorganized capitalism. An era of extensive state intervention between around 1930 and 1980 would have been followed by an era of deregulation and increasing coordination through markets after around 1980. This article uses the case of Spain's dairy chain to propose an alternative view. In the case under study, there certainly were elements of state‐coordinated capitalism between 1952 and 1986, as well as elements of deregulation and liberalization from 1986 onwards. However, the structure of economic coordination involved some combination of market and nonmarket mechanisms all the way through. The organized capitalism of the first period was not really so tightly organized, whereas much of its later “disorganization” was in fact a transition towards a different mode of “organization”: one in which the control of nonmarket coordination shifted from political to corporate hierarchies.

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Section: The Rise and The Fall Of Organized Dairy Capitalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

From organized to disorganized capitalism? Market versus nonmarket coordination in Spain's dairy chain

Collantes

2018

Journal of Agrarian Change

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“…Our aims are: to investigate the evolution of this relationship over time; to examine whether this was the result of direct negotiation between the state and fully independent institutions, or whether the state played a role in the emergence and sustainability of LIAs; and to explore whether the state adopted any measures to hamper the autonomy of LIAs. All of these are in the context of an increasing interest of modern European states in implementing active agrarian policies (Tracy, 1989;Pinilla, 2008;Vivier, 2008;Pan-Montojo, 2012;Moser and Varley, 2013;Freire and Lanero, 2013;Fernández, Pan-Montojo, and Cabo, 2014). In this sense, the relationship between the state and the LIAs contributed to the design of agrarian policies that aimed to promote irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ autonomous management or state regulation? The consolidation of local irrigation associations in Spain (nineteenth to twentieth centuries)

Giner

D'amaro

2019

Rural History

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The collective management of irrigation is an essential factor in agrarian development, both present and past. However, the relationship of irrigation associations with the state remains underexplored, despite the increasingly important role played by water policies in the modern world. The present article examines this relationship in Spain over the last two centuries. Our results suggest that, first, the state played a decisive part in the emergence and evolution of irrigation associations, and this belies the assumption of the traditional origin of these institutions; second, that farmers, despite being subject to the regulatory framework, enjoyed substantial autonomy in the management of water resources; and, third, that the relationship between local associations and the state changed over time, in response to political regime changes and the transformation of irrigation agriculture. When the state tried to impose authoritarian policies upon irrigation users, these reacted by developing unprecedented forms of organisation.

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Exotic, traditional and hybrid landscapes: The subtle history of the Iberian Peninsula maize between ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’

Gomes,

González Remuiñán,

Freire

2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementMaize is the world's second most important agricultural crop. The cereal was unknown to Europeans before the end of the 15th century, but since its arrival in Europe, it has changed agriculture, food and landscapes. Terraces where maize was cultivated in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula contributed to the formation of local cultures and identities. The history of maize and maize landscape are mementos that help to recover traditional practices, fostering identities, and are crucial for the successful implementation of sustainable policies to provide prosperous futures.Summary Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Iberian Peninsula embodies a history of landscape changes where the concepts of ‘exotic’, ‘traditional’ and ‘hybrid’ help to understand the engagements between landscape, farmers, agronomists (since the 19th and 20th centuries) and seeds. Today, landscapes reveal biophysical and ecological changes that reflect a panoply of intentions. A multitude of agents, and their interactions, acted upon those territories over time. Using historical sources from the leading institutions dedicated to agricultural research in the Iberian Peninsula, this paper aims to (1) contribute to a better understanding of the maize landscape and culture in the Iberian Peninsula and (2) interrogate how landscape changes (and the landscape history of maize) can frame local or regional heritage and identities reflecting customs or ways of life. The analysis unveils networks of knowledge, agricultural technologies and seed exchange. Politicians, economists, engineers, agronomists, farmers, governmental officials and agricultural industries planned and transformed traditional rural practices into modern and industrialised ones. Experts and politicians, willing to improve agricultural practices and seeds, using hybrid seeds or building new irrigation systems, led to deep social and landscape changes, allowing maize to cover territories far away from its traditional domains. Moreover, despite farmers' resistance, hybrid maize substituted landraces, eroding agrobiodiversity. Nowadays, the south and east regions of the Iberian Peninsula are the main producers of maize (hybrid), whereas in the Northwest maize is an occasional crop, being replaced by vineyards for economic reasons.

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The Iberian dictatorships and agricultural modernisation after the Second World War

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

From organized to disorganized capitalism? Market versus nonmarket coordination in Spain's dairy chain

From organized to disorganized capitalism? Market versus nonmarket coordination in Spain's dairy chain

Farmers’ autonomous management or state regulation? The consolidation of local irrigation associations in Spain (nineteenth to twentieth centuries)

Exotic, traditional and hybrid landscapes: The subtle history of the Iberian Peninsula maize between ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’

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