7Effects on Thermal and Ablative Properties of Phenolic Resin (Novolac) Blended Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber

Nawaz, Rashid; Rashid, Naghmana; Ali, Zulfiqar; Khan, Asad; Nazir, Muhammad Shahid; Ul‐Haq, Noaman

doi:10.1007/s12221-018-8075-5

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The development of nitrile‐phenolic resin started in the early 1950s 11 . Novolac phenolic resin has been incorporated in NBR as a cross‐linking and reinforcing agent to improve the thermal stability and swelling resistance in fuel or oil owing to the reduction of free volume 12–14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on nitrile rubber‐phenolic resin reinforced with nanographene

Bazli

Barghamadi

Shafiee

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, nanocomposites of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/phenolic resin/graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared using a two‐roll mill. According to the results, the addition of GNPs increased the scorch time, vulcanization time, and viscosity of the blends. By adding phenolic resin and in the presence of a higher percentage of acrylonitrile, the modulus and tensile strength increased and the elongation at break decreased. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites improved with increasing the amount of nanoparticles. The addition of 1.5 phr GNP to the blends containing NBR with 33% and 45% acrylonitrile increased the tensile modulus by 56% and 49%, respectively. The tensile properties of the nanocomposites were also investigated at 50, 25, and 75°C. It was observed that with increasing the amount of nanoparticles, the deterioration of the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures was reduced. Also, thermal stability increased with increasing the amount of nanoparticles in all the samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on nitrile rubber‐phenolic resin reinforced with nanographene

Bazli

Barghamadi

Shafiee

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[7][8][9] Novolac is also applied as curing agent and enhancer for rubber and epoxy resin. [10][11][12] There are a lot of effort to modify novolac for increasing thermal stability and char yield via blending and hybridization. [13][14][15][16] Among them, boron-containing compounds have been introduced into novolac by many researchers, exhibiting outstanding performance in thermal stability, char yield, flame retardancy, and ablation-resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, thermal stability, and degradation kinetics of a novel boron‐containing novolac based on triphenyl borate

Huang,

Zhai,

Lai

et al. 2024

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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A novel boron‐containing novolac (triphenyl borate‐formaldehyde resin, TPBF) was synthesized. The structure, thermoplasticity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of TPBF have been characterized with FT‐IR, melt viscosity, 13C NMR and GPC. The thermal stability of TPBF was investigated by TGA, indicating the thermal stability of TPBF was much better than that of normal novolac (phenol‐formaldehyde resin, PF). TPBFs with different molar ratios of formaldehyde to benzene ring in triphenyl borate (TPB) were also synthesized and compared for molecular size, polydispersity and thermal stability. Further, the thermal degradation kinetics of TPBFs and PF were studied by TGA using Madhusdanan‐Krishnan‐Ninan method and the activation energies were calculated at different degradation stages. It was found that the thermal degradations of TPBFs and PF are a multistage reaction and the degradation reactions in every stage follow the first order reaction mechanism. Finally, the activation energies of thermal degradations of novolac increase with the introduction of boron, the progress of degradation reaction as well as the increase of molar ratios.

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“…A mixture of phenolic resin and synthetic rubber has been used as a binder for friction materials of train vehicles’ frictional braking systems [ 9 , 10 ]. Through the use of such blends, one can create a polymeric binder having the qualities of both a hard thermosetting resin and flexible rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, by increasing the phenolic resin content, crosslink density increased [ 17 ]. Nawaz et al also demonstrated the reduced ablation rate and enhanced thermal stability with the addition of this resin to NBR [ 10 ]. Owing to the low cost of this blend, large quantities of its composite can be manufactured and it can be used in industries as a thermal insulator or flame retardant for high-temperature applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organoclay Addition on Rheological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Rubber/Phenolic Resin Blend

et al. 2022

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In this study, the effects of NBR polarity and organoclay addition on the curing, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of an NBR/phenolic resin blend were investigated. The samples were prepared using a two-roll mill. The results showed that rheological and tensile properties improved due to the good distribution of nanoparticles, as well as the good compatibility of nitrile butadiene rubber with phenolic resin. The addition of 1.5 phr of nanoparticles to blends containing 33% and 45% acrylonitrile increased the curing torque difference by approximately 12% and 28%, respectively. In addition, the scorch time and curing time decreased in nanocomposites. Adding nanoparticles also increased the viscosity. The addition of phenolic resins and nanoparticles has a similar trend in modulus changes, and both of these factors increase the stiffness and, consequently, the elastic and viscous modulus of the specimens. Adding 1.5 phr of organoclay increased the tensile strength of the blends by around 8% and 13% in the samples with low and high content of acrylonitrile, respectively. Increasing the temperature of the tensile test led to a reduction in the tensile properties of the samples. Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, and hardness of the samples increased with increasing organoclay content. In addition, with increasing nanoparticle concentration, the samples underwent lower deterioration in tensile strength and Young’s modulus at different temperatures compared to the blends. In the samples containing 1.5 phr of organoclay, the thermal decomposition temperatures were enhanced by around 24 and 27 °C for low and high acrylonitrile content.

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7Effects on Thermal and Ablative Properties of Phenolic Resin (Novolac) Blended Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation of rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on nitrile rubber‐phenolic resin reinforced with nanographene

Investigation of rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on nitrile rubber‐phenolic resin reinforced with nanographene

Synthesis, thermal stability, and degradation kinetics of a novel boron‐containing novolac based on triphenyl borate

Effect of Organoclay Addition on Rheological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Rubber/Phenolic Resin Blend

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