7.25 Lateral Spreading

Pasuto, Alessandro; Soldati, Mauro

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00173-1

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast the shortening of the LOS distance, that in the previous chapters was simply defined as uplift, can be interpreted as a back-tilting of the limestone blocks towards the sensor favored by the swelling of the clayey deposits. The evolution of the landslides which characterize the north-western coast of Malta is in agreement with the model proposed by [21,22,24], according to which the deformation process is composed by the following three phases: (i) rock spreading affecting the intensely jointed limestone cap; (ii) progressive detachment of limestone blocks of large size from the plateau; (iii) tilting and sliding of the blocks above the underlying clays which deform visco-plastically. Within this framework, rock falls and earth flows/slides represent shallow evidence of a deeper movement involving the entire slope from the plateau to the coastline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Advanced SAR Interferometric Analysis to Support Geomorphological Interpretation of Slow-Moving Coastal Landslides (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)

et al. 2016

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An advanced SAR interferometric analysis has been combined with a methodology for the automatic classification of radar reflectors phase histories to interpret slope-failure kinematics and trend of displacements of slow-moving landslides. To accomplish this goal, the large dataset of radar images, acquired in more than 20 years by the two European Space Agency (ESA) missions ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT, was exploited. The analysis was performed over the northern sector of Island of Malta (central Mediterranean Sea), where extensive landslides occur. The study was assisted by field surveys and with the analysis of existing thematic maps and landslide inventories. The outcomes allowed definition of a model capable of describing the geomorphological evolution of slow-moving landslides, providing a key for interpreting such phenomena that, due to their slowness, are usually scarcely investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Rock falls and rock topples occur at the edges of the plateau and are favored by rock spreading cf. [22]. The histogram in Figure 8 highlights that the majority of ERS PS shows a downhill deformation, while several ENVISAT PS are affected by uplift.…”

Section: Marfa Ridge Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced SAR Interferometric Analysis to Support Geomorphological Interpretation of Slow-Moving Coastal Landslides (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)

et al. 2016

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“…This stress can cause the gradual opening of the fractures striking parallel to the cliffs. Pasuto and Soldati (2013) indicated the overburden weight of the slab as a common cause for long-term deformations in softer terrains. Lateral erosion and removal of the clayey substratum, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back Analysis of the 2014 San Leo Landslide Using Combined Terrestrial Laser Scanning and 3D Distinct Element Modelling

et al. 2015

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Landslides of the lateral spreading type, involving brittle geological units overlying ductile terrains, are a common occurrence in the sandstone and limestone plateaux of the northern Apennines of Italy. The edges of these plateaux are often the location of rapid landslide phenomena, such as rock slides, rock falls and topples. In this paper we present a back-analysis of a recent landslide (February 2014), involving the north-eastern sector of the San Leo rock slab (northern Apennines, Emilia-Romagna Region) which is a representative example of this type of phenomena. The aquifer hosted in the fractured slab, due to its relatively higher secondary permeability in comparison to the lower clayey units leads to the development of perennial and ephemeral springs at the contact between the two units. The related piping erosion phenomena, together with slope processes in the clayshales have led to the progressive undermining of the slab, eventually predisposing large-scale landslides. Stability analyses were conducted coupling Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Distinct Element Methods (DEMs). TLS point clouds were analyzed to determine the pre-and post-failure geometry, the extension of the detachment area and the joint network characteristics. The block dimensions in the landslide deposit were mapped and used to infer the spacing of the discontinuities for insertion into the numerical model. Threedimensional distinct element simulations were conducted, with and without undermining of the rock slab. The analyses allowed an assessment of the role of the undermining, together with the presence of an almost vertical joint set, striking sub-parallel to the cliff orientation, on the development of the slope instability processes. Based on the TLS and on the numerical simulation results, an interpretation of the landslide mechanism is proposed.

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“…Several Authors investigated similar rock spreading phenomena, indicating among the main influencing factors the deformability contrast between the involved units [Casagli, 1994], the overburden weight of the rock slab [Pasuto and Soldati, 2013] and the erosion of the softer material [Bozzano et al, 2008]. As stated by Pasuto and Soldati [2013] for similar contexts, the presence of a well-developed system of joints can be considered as a controlling factor for the evolution of the phenomena. Besides the structural setting of the slab, a further predisposing factor is the groundwater flow developing inside the rock mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Remote Sensing techniques to complement conventional geomechanical surveys for the assessment of landslide hazard: The San Leo case study (Italy)

Spreafico

Perotti

Cervi

et al. 2015

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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The San Leo village, located near to Rimini (northern Italy), was built in the medieval period on the top of a calcarenite and sandstone plateau, affected by lateral spreading associated with secondary rock falls and topples. In fact, a number of landslides endangered the historical town since centuries. In order to describe the structural features driving these slope instability phenomena, a complete Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) survey all around the San Leo cliff was performed. Moreover, Close-Range Photogrammetric (CRP) surveys and conventional geomechanical surveys on scanlines have been carried out. The 3D geometry of the cliffs was extracted and critical areas have been investigated in detail using dense Digital Surface Models (DSMs) obtained from CRP or TLS. The results were used to define the structural features of the plateau, to recognize more fractured areas, and to perform kinematic analyses, in order to assess the joint sets predisposing to slope instability at the cliff scale. The creation of a 3D model was also fundamental for the implementation of the geological model to be used in numerical modelling for hydrogeological characterization and slope stability analyses.

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7.25 Lateral Spreading

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Advanced SAR Interferometric Analysis to Support Geomorphological Interpretation of Slow-Moving Coastal Landslides (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)

Advanced SAR Interferometric Analysis to Support Geomorphological Interpretation of Slow-Moving Coastal Landslides (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)

Back Analysis of the 2014 San Leo Landslide Using Combined Terrestrial Laser Scanning and 3D Distinct Element Modelling

Terrestrial Remote Sensing techniques to complement conventional geomechanical surveys for the assessment of landslide hazard: The San Leo case study (Italy)

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