699. Studies in relation to biosynthesis. Part XXX. Rotiorin, monascin, and rubropunctatin

Abstract

The biogenesis of the mould metabolites rotiorin (11), monascin (111), and rubropunctatin (IV) has been examined by using Me*14C02H and HJ4C02H. In agreement with prediction they arise in part from both sources. The extent of introduction of label from Me*14C0,H into different parts of the molecule does not vary significantly.

Edible Filamentous Fungi from the Species Monascus: Early Traditional Fermentations, Modern Molecular Biology, and Future Genomics

“…The biosynthetic pathway of Monascus pigments has received much attention because of their wide applications and various biological activities. Research on the pathway began as early as the 1960s using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (Birch and others ; Kurono and others ; Hadfield and others ). Based on previous reports, a schematic of metabolic routes for the biosynthesis of Monascus pigments is presented in Figure (Hajjaj and others ).…”

Comparison of Monascus purpureus growth, pigment production and composition on different cereal substrates with solid state fermentation

“…Regarding the biosynthesis pathway, it is believed that orange pigments are the first biosynthesis product, which can be transformed to red and yellow pigments (Chen et al, 2015;Shi et al, 2015). Biosynthesis of the orange pigment Rubropunctatin has allowed to propose that polyketide chromophore is derived from acetate and malonate through β-ketide pathway and n-hexanoylacetyl residue is synthesized through another pathway (Birch et al, 1962;Holker et al, 1964;Whalley, 1963;Hadfield et al, 1967;Feng et al, 2012). Lin et al (1992) proposed that the red pigment Rubropunctamine is synthesized by transformation from orange pigment Rubropunctatin through Schiff base formation by replacing oxygen in the orange pigment with nitrogen of the primary amino group of various compounds such as amino acids, peptides and proteins.…”

Transfigured Morphology and Ameliorated Production of Six Monascus Pigments by Acetate Species Supplementation in Monascus ruber M7

“…The study on MPs started in the 1960s [23][24][25]. Different ideas and hypotheses were given by scientists, but the commonly-adapted pathway shows that MPs are synthesized by the action of polyketide synthase (PKS) and fatty acid synthase.…”