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An empirical expression for K-shell ionization cross section by electron impact

“…Values of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Boca Raton, FL: Chemical Rubber Company) are used for Kshell ionization energies. Excellent agreement is obtained between values deduced from the expression proposed and cross sections measured precisely by Shima [30,31] and Luo et al [32][33][34][35][36] in the vinicity of the threshold. The accuracy is better than 10% in this range.…”

“…Recent measurements of the K-shell ionization by electron impact near-threshold energy region have been performed [32][33][34][35][36]. These near threshold measured cross sections are in excellent agreement with the previous data which were precisely measured [30,31].…”

“…Full curve: this work (1); ---: Casnati et al [25]. [31]. Full curve: this work (1); ---: Casnati et al [25]; -• -: Rudge and Schwartz [8]; ---: Kolbenstvedt [22]; -• • •-: Worthington and Tomlin [24]; [33] and open symbols are taken from Long et al [29].…”

Measurement of K-shell ionization cross sections of Fe and Mn by electron impact

“…The main difficulty has been the preparation of thin targets. It is well known that the criteria for thin-target conditions is E E [3], where E and E represent the incident energy of electrons and the energy loss of the incident electrons passing through a thin target, respectively. In the threshold energy range, this requirement leads to a severe difficulty in preparing self-supporting thin targets.…”

Electrode thickness measurement of a Si(Li) detector for the SIXA array

“…We have modelled the full shape of the fluorescence lines, including the low-energy tails as well as the high-energy tail contributions from the escape of Auger electrons and photoelectrons. Primary photon energies above the L 1 absorption edge of gold were used in other reported measurements [6,4,7], but we used also energies between the L 3 and L 2 edges in order to eliminate the uncertainties from quantities related to the individual L subshells.…”