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Rosunee, Satyadev; Carr, Chris; Hibbert, S.; Jones, C. C.

doi:10.1023/a:1023780131382

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Cibafix ECO is the polymeric condensation product of diethylenetriamine and dicyandiamide and has been used to enhance the wash fastness of direct dyes on cellulose 18. Matexil FC‐ER is a nonreactive cationic fixative manufactured by the cyclopolymerization of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride via free radical initiation, similarly used to improve wash fastness of anionic dyes 19…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examination of the N (1s) XPS spectrum of the 5% o.m.f Matexil FC‐ER treated soybean indicates the presence of an obvious higher binding energy signal at 402 eV, which can be assigned to the cationic nitrogen in the fixing agent, Figure 4. In addition to the cationic component, the Matexil FC‐ER is reported to also have an uncharged component in its formulation which also contributes to the observed uncharged N (1s) surface intensity 19…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the cationic component, the Matexil FC-ER is reported to also have an uncharged component in its formulation which also contributes to the observed uncharged N (1s) surface intensity. 19 On washing the combination treated soybean fabric it is evident that the cationic component is more substantive to the fiber surface and the relative proportion of the charged component in the Matexil FC-ER accordingly increases at the fiber surface, Figure 5. Furthermore as the Matexil FC-ER on the fiber surface is durable to washing, it would be anticipated that the sulfamic acid ''bound'' to the fiber could also be electrostatically bound as well as covalently bound to the fiber and hence offer enhanced durability to washing.…”

Section: Effect Of Cationic Fixing Agents On Modified Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Matexil FC-ER is a nonreactive cationic fixative manufactured by the cyclopolymerization of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride via free radical initiation, similarly used to improve wash fastness of anionic dyes. 19 The effect of repeated washing on the flame retardancy of sulfamic acid modified soybean was to lower the L.O.I. value from 25.6% to 19.8%.…”

Section: Effect Of Cationic Fixing Agents On Modified Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into the flame retardant properties of soybean fabric treated with sulphamic acid

Vynias

Carr

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of sulfamic acid and urea treatments on the flame retardant properties of soybean fabric has been investigated by Limiting Oxygen Index (L.O.I.), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in order to characterize both the bulk and surface properties. The sulfamic acid finish significantly reduced the soybean fabric flammability and appeared to function in the solid phase with increased char formation. Incorporation of urea into the formulation increased the level of reaction and associated weight gain. However, the wash durability of the sulfamic acid modification of the soybean fabric was limited, but after treatment with a cationic fixing agent, Matexil FC-ER significantly increased the wash fastness and related flame retardant effect. XPS analysis demonstrated the substantivity of the cationic fixing agent to soybean fiber surface and its binding effect on the sulfamate at the fiber surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Cationic Fixing Agents On Modified Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Cationic Fixing Agents On Modified Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation into the flame retardant properties of soybean fabric treated with sulphamic acid

Vynias

Carr

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is the polymer derived from the radical homopolymerization of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) [3] and is composed of five‐membered pyrrolidine rings, six‐membered piperidine rings, and a few branched structures (shown in Scheme ). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and 13 C NMR spectroscopy have confirmed that PDMDAAC consists of a 5:1 ratio of pyrrolidine rings to piperidine rings [4]. Cellulose and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride have similar conformational structures, and this would be expected to contribute to strong interactions (Scheme ) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis and dye‐fixing properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)

Zhang

2010

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The effects of synthesis conditions on the properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), especially the molecular weight, were studied in detail in order to assess a new method for the molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis of PDMDAAC. This method was used to synthesize a series of PDMDAACs with different molecular weights, and then the relationships between the molecular weight and the dye‐fixing properties were studied in detail in order to investigate a new way for improving these properties. The results showed that the molecular weight of PDMDAAC could be controlled by polymerization temperature, monomer concentration, and initiator amount, in agreement with the kinetic chain length equation, and a series of PDMDAACs with characteristic viscosities of 0.18–0.81 dL/g was synthesized by the given synthesis method. The dye‐fixing properties of the PDMDAACs depend on their molecular weight, and when their characteristic viscosities were controlled in the range of 0.24–0.47 dL/g, they exhibited better dye‐fixing properties than PDMDAACs with other characteristic viscosities and a commercial PDMDAAC dyefixative. In addition, the wet rubbing fastness, color fastness to soaping, and white fabric staining were significantly improved by controlling the molecular weight. Thus, the fastness properties of the PDMDAACs could be improved by controlling their molecular weight, and promising PDMDAAC dyefixatives could be synthesized by the new synthesis method. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Determination of the dye-fixing mechanism of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s on cotton fabric

Zhang

2013

J Vinyl Addit Technol

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The dye‐fixing mechanism on cotton fabric of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s (PDMDAACs) was determined in detail by using several chemical and physical techniques, in order to achieve clear new theoretical guidelines for the wide application of these dyefixatives to different dyes. Findings from previous work showed that the dye‐fixing performance of PDMDAACs can vary with their molecular weights. Analysis by GPC further showed that the polydispersity indexes of the PDMDAACs were 1.22–1.92, which were narrow distributions, but their molecular chain lengths were very different, as indicated by their number‐average molecular weights of 0.69 × 104−1.09 × 105 g/mol and weight‐average molecular weights of 1.33 × 104−1.45 × 105 g/mol. These results indicated that the differences in dye‐fixing performance could be mainly caused by the different molecular chain lengths. Analysis by FTIR of the dyes on dyed cotton samples fixed by PDMDAACs showed absorption shifts similar to those of water‐insoluble color lakes formed from the cationic groups of PDMDAACs and an anionic dye. This finding indicates that the expected color lakes could be formed on dyed cotton fabric when fixing, and that they play a role in the development of the fastness of dyes. However, the interaction between the PDMDAACs and cotton fabric during fixing was confirmed to be very weak. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 19:219‐224, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation into the flame retardant properties of soybean fabric treated with sulphamic acid

Investigation into the flame retardant properties of soybean fabric treated with sulphamic acid

Molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis and dye‐fixing properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)

Determination of the dye-fixing mechanism of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s on cotton fabric

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