Molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis and dye‐fixing properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)

Abstract

The effects of synthesis conditions on the properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), especially the molecular weight, were studied in detail in order to assess a new method for the molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis of PDMDAAC. This method was used to synthesize a series of PDMDAACs with different molecular weights, and then the relationships between the molecular weight and the dye‐fixing properties were studied in detail in order to investigate a new way for improving these properties. The results showed that the molecular weight of PDMDAAC could be controlled by polymerization temperature, monomer concentration, and initiator amount, in agreement with the kinetic chain length equation, and a series of PDMDAACs with characteristic viscosities of 0.18–0.81 dL/g was synthesized by the given synthesis method. The dye‐fixing properties of the PDMDAACs depend on their molecular weight, and when their characteristic viscosities were controlled in the range of 0.24–0.47 dL/g, they exhibited better dye‐fixing properties than PDMDAACs with other characteristic viscosities and a commercial PDMDAAC dyefixative. In addition, the wet rubbing fastness, color fastness to soaping, and white fabric staining were significantly improved by controlling the molecular weight. Thus, the fastness properties of the PDMDAACs could be improved by controlling their molecular weight, and promising PDMDAAC dyefixatives could be synthesized by the new synthesis method. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

Dye-fixing performances of slightly crosslinked poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chlorides) on cotton fabric

“…A series of slightly cross-linked PDM-DAACs with controlled 1-5% molar ratios of crosslinking TAMAC and controlled intrinsic viscosities of 0.04-0.86 dl/g were synthesized by copolymerizing triallylmethylammonium chloride crosslinking monomers (TAMAC) with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DM-DAAC), varying the molar ratio of TAMAC to DMDAAC from 1/99 to 5/95 and increasing the initial monomer concentration from 29% to 50% while decreasing the amount of initiator (ammonium persulphate, APS) from 19% to 5% during polymerization as described in our previous paper [19]. PDMDAAC with controlled molecular weights represented by an intrinsic viscosity of 0.41 dl/g were synthesized by homo-polymerization of dimethylammonium chloride at 60 ºC for 6 h and then ripening at 70 ºC for 2 h with an initial monomer concentration (w/w) of 52.5% and 3% initiator (w/w) according to our other previous contribution [16]. Reactive Scarlet 3BS and Brilliant Blue KNR were obtained from Jiangsu Nantong Chemicals and Textile Co., Ltd (China).…”

“…Some research has indicated that the dyefixing properties of polycationic dye-fixatives are affected by their molecular weights [13][14][15]. In one report, PDMDAAC dye-fixatives with controlled molecular weights characterized by intrinsic viscosities of 0.24-0.47 dl/g were discovered to exhibit improved dye-fixing performances [16]. It was suggested that their interactions with dyes would be very weak when the intrinsic viscosities were too low, resulting in poor dye-fixing performances, and they would also have great difficulty penetrating into cotton fabrics to interact with the dyes when the molecular weights were too high, again resulting in poor dye-fixing performances.…”

Controlled‐synthesis of Slightly Crosslinked Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s Used as Useful Polycationic Dye‐fixatives on Cotton Fabric

“…16 In our contribution, the PDM dye-fixatives with the controlled intrinsic viscosities of 0.24-0.47 dL/g have been discovered to exhibit better dye-fixing properties, the better dye-fixing properties on treating the cotton fabrics dyed with Reactive Scarlet 3BS were listed as follows: the dry rubbing fastness reached 4~5 grades, the wet rubbing fastness reached 3~4 grades, the color fastness to soaping reached 4~5 grades, and the white fabric staining reached 4~5 grades. 11,12 On the base of this fact, it could be deduced that the suitable intrinsic viscosities of the expected slightly crosslinked PDMs which were based on PDM dye-fixatives could be around 0.24-0.47 dL/g.…”

“…11,12 On the other hand, the slightly crosslinked polycationic dye-fixatives could exhibit better dye-fixing properties due to the plane-like nature of crosslinking structures which would expand the interactions with dyes, resulting in the development of dye-fixing prop-erties. 13 Therefore, it could be deduced that those cationic polymers of modified PDM, derived from the further incorporation of lower contents of crosslinking units into the backbones of the molecular-weight-controlled PDM, may be expected as more useful polycationic dye-fixatives on cotton fabric, however, it has not been reported systematically in the open literature.…”

Controlled synthesis of novel reactive cationic copolymers of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylmethyldiallylammonium chloride and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride [P(CMDA-DMDAAC)s]: designed as useful polycationic dye-fixatives on cotton fabric

“…It has been indicated that the fastness performances of resin dye-fixatives (polymer dye-fixatives) varied according to their molecular weights [12], and in our contribution, the authors discovered that those PDMDAAC dye-fixatives with controlled molecular weights characterized by intrinsic viscosities of 0.24-0.47 dL/g can exhibit better dye-fixing performances because low intrinsic viscosities would make the interactions with dyes very weak, resulting in the poor dye-fixing performances, whilr too high intrinsic viscosities would make it very difficult to penetrate into cotton fabrics to interact with the dyes, also resulting in the poor dyefixing performances, thereby the polycationic dye-fixatives with their suitable molecular weights should be welcomed [13][14][15]. On the other hand, if a few contents (e.g., below 20 % molar contents) of reactive units, which can bring about the linking reactions with the hydroxyl groups of cotton (cellulose) to form a covering film on the cotton surface, are incorporated into the backbones of PDMDAAC, the dyefixing performances of those modified PDMDAAC can also be improved [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”