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Maiden, Robert J.; Peterson, Steven A.; Caya, Myrah; Hayslip, Bert

doi:10.1023/a:1020786719959

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Third, all associations between relationship variables and neuroticism were non-significant in an 18-month longitudinal study of first-year students (Asendorpf et al, 1998). However, elderly women who reported declines in social support between age 74-80 (fewer available friends, visits, and social contacts) increased in neuroticism over this six year period (Maiden et al, 2003). One large study reported increases in neuroticism one year after the break-up of a longstanding relationship with a friend or relative (d= 0.20), or after serious problems with a close friend, family member or neighbour (d= 0.14; Jeronimus et al, 2013).…”

Section: Social Network (B5)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…All observations in this paragraph fit the social investment principle (social expectations) and mating preferences. Albeit resources are likely to remain important across the lifespan, strikingly, we encountered only one (supporting) study beyond young adulthood: Elder women who reported more unmet needs over the years between age 74 and 80 (e.g., income, health care, housing, transportation, nutrition and leisure time activities) reported increases in neuroticism (Maiden et al, 2003).…”

Section: Occupation Status and Salary (C2)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Prospective studies indicate that changes in interpersonal relationships -such as family ties and peer contacts -associate with changes in neuroticism (Asendorpf et al, 1998;Branje et al, 2004;Bratko et al, 1997;Costa et al, 2000;Maiden et al, 2003;Neyer et al, 2001;Robins et al, 2002;Rose et al, 1990;Sturaro et al, 2008;van Aken et al, 2006). The nuclear family proved the most influential social context, e.g.…”

Section: Nuclear Family (B3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental influences on neuroticism in adulthood: A systematic review

Jeronimus¹,

Riese²,

Ormel³

2018

Preprint

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Behavioral-genetic studies show substantial non-genetic influences on variance of neuroticism within a population. Longitudinal studies show a small but steady drop in test-retest correlations with increasing time intervals. This suggest environmental effects on neuroticism, but a systematic overview of which environmental determinants account for change in neuroticism is lacking. We review (specific or unique) environmental influences that modify the neuroticism setpoint in adulthood and therewith individual life trajectories. Results are interpreted in light of the so-called ‘mixed model’ in which within-person changes in neuroticism are subdivided over short term perturbations around the setpoint of neuroticism versus more persistent changes in the setpoint itself. To account for genetic confounding and shared environmental influences studies of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for neuroticism and longitudinal studies that report on environmental factors that predict within-individual change in neuroticism are reviewed. Our results indicate that the neuroticism setpoint is consistently touched by experiences that affect central aspects of one’s identity and status, mainly role transitions as partner (marriage/divorce) and employee (job loss/promotion). Especially interpersonal stress, conflict, and major events that were unpredictable, uncontrollable, unexpected, undesirable, and ‘off time’ from a life history perspective were followed by changes in neuroticism that persisted more than six months, which suggest setpoint change. Most change after severe SLEs persisted over a decade. Long-term and detailed studies are required to elucidate the details of the ‘mixed model’ of change in neuroticism. An understanding of the specifics of the events that lead to persistent changes in neuroticism may enable us to craft prevention strategies to tackle the vulnerability for mental disorders inherent in high neuroticism, rather than to wait for their manifestation.

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Section: Social Network (B5)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Occupation Status and Salary (C2)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Nuclear Family (B3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental influences on neuroticism in adulthood: A systematic review

Jeronimus¹,

Riese²,

Ormel³

2018

Preprint

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“…We hypothesized that previously reported age differences in personality change would be less pronounced when younger and older people experienced a similar context such as college. In contrast, same-aged adults were assumed to change differently in their personality traits when they experience different contexts (Lüdtke et al, 2011; Maiden et al, 2003). In addition, dual-process models of personality (Asendorpf et al, 2002; Back et al, 2009) emphasize that personality traits can be represented explicitly, thus directly accessible in questionnaires, as well as implicitly, thus accessible with less direct measures such as word categorization tasks (e.g., IAT; Greenwald et al, 1998).…”

Section: Big Five Development Across Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and context effects in personality development: A multimethod perspective.

Wrzus¹,

Quintus²,

Egloff³

2023

Psychology and Aging

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Observing most pronounced personality trait changes during young adulthood raises the question whether the traits are more stable per se after young adulthood or whether greater stability of daily life contexts also contributes to smaller trait changes in older adults. In this longitudinal multimethod study, we tested the competing explanations of trait stability and context stability by examining (a) whether age differences in Big Five trait changes are less pronounced when younger and older people experience similar context conditions, in this case, college life and (b) whether people of similar age change differently in different contexts. Furthermore, based on dual-process models of personality and because previous research has relied on self-ratings, we examined whether assumed personality changes also occur in implicit measures and other-ratings of traits. The sample of 241 adults consisted of older students (M age = 67.5 years), older age-and education-matched nonstudents (M age = 67.7 years), and young students (M age = 21.1 years). We obtained self-ratings, other-ratings, and implicit measures of Big Five traits at four time points over 2 years. The results replicated increases in self-ratings of emotional stability, open-mindedness, extraversion, and conscientiousness in young first-year students and demonstrated distinct patterns of change among older students and older nonstudents. Changes in other-ratings and implicit measures only partly mirrored changes in self-ratings of Big Five traits. The study highlights the importance of different measures of traits to better understand personality development beyond self-ratings, and that in some groups, substantial trait changes are possible beyond young adulthood. Public Significance StatementThis study examined whether older adults demonstrate similar personality changes as younger adults when they encounter similar contexts such as in college. The findings indicate the malleability of personality traits beyond young adulthood and emphasize the impact of lifelong learning. Different change patterns depending on how personality traits were measured emphasize trait changes beyond how people describe themselves in questionnaires.

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“…Though this might be considered on the low side of stability for a trait, recent work (Maiden, Peterson, Caya, & Hayslip, 2003) has shown that even traits that are widely considered to be more stable, such as extraversion, neuroticism and openness, show a substantial amount of variability (test-retest rs: N = .35, E = .28, O = .41) in oldest-old adults (mean age = 74). This research also showed that changes in personality in older adults are accounted for by changes in health, social and resource changes.…”

Section: Psychology and Health 379mentioning

confidence: 99%